TABLE 2.

Adhesins of S. pyogenes^a

Protein group	Protein(s)	Cell surface linkageb	Substrate(s) and/or function(s)	M type distributionc	Reference(s)
Pili	Spy0130, Spy0128, Cpa	LPxTG	Pilus structural proteins; collagen binding, gp340 binding, bacterial aggregation, biofilm formation	FCT-specific M type	119, 126, 130
M and M-like proteins	M1, M3, M6, protein H	LPxTG	Fibronectin binding, fibrinogen binding	M-type specific	135, 141, 151
AgI/II family	AspA	LPxTG	gp340; bacterial aggregation	M2, M28	595, 596
Fibronectin binding	PrtF1/SfbI	LPxTG	Fibronectin binding	FCT-specific M type (FCT 1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9)	126, 169, 597
	PrtF2/PFBP/FbaB	LPxTG	Fibronectin binding	FCT-specific M type (FCT 3, 4, 6, 7, 8)	126, 598–600
	SOF/SfbII	LPxTG	Fibronectin binding, fibrinogen binding	In 55% of GAS strains	168, 171
	SfbX	LPxTG	Fibronectin binding	In 55% of GAS strains	601
	Fbp54	Anchorless	Fibronectin binding, fibrinogen binding	In 100% of GAS strains	172, 566, 602
	FbaA	LPxTG	Fibronectin binding	M1, M2, M4, M9, M13, M22, M28, M44, M49, M60, M67, M75, M77, M79, M80, M82, M87, and M89	143
Collagen-like	Scl1, Scl2	LPxTG	Laminin binding and α2β1 and α11β1 integrin binding	In 100% of GAS strains	153, 159, 603, 604
Laminin binding	Lbp	LXXC/XXGC	Laminin binding	In 100% of GAS strains	155
	Shr	Anchorless	Laminin binding, fibronectin binding	In 100% of GAS strains	154, 605
Plg binding	GAPDH/Plr	Anchorless	Fibronectin binding, plasminogen binding	In 100% of GAS strains	606
	SEN	Anchorless	Plasminogen binding	In 100% of GAS strains	343

^aAbbreviations: FCT, fibronectin binding, collagen binding, T antigen region.

^bLPxTG, sortase A motif; LXXC/XXGC, lipoprotein consensus sequence.

^cOne or more M types can be associated with a specific FCT variant, but strains belonging to a specific M type carry the same FCT region (184).