Diagram of the experimental design. PANENZA vaccine with or without imiquimod was administered by intraperitoneal injection 1, 2, or 3 days prior to virus infection. The date of vaccination was designated day −1, −2, or −3. Day 0 was the day of virus inoculation. At 1, 2, 4, and 6 days after virus infection, mice from each group were sacrificed for lung and blood sample collection. Survival and body weight after virus infection were observed for 14 days.