TABLE 3.
Summary of studies reporting protective factors for transmission and acquisition of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa, based on multivariate analyses
| Studya | Country | Risk factor resultsb |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk factor | Risk estimate | 95% CI | P value | |||
| van der Bij, 2011 (12) | Netherlands | Cystic fibrosis as an underlying disease | OR | 0.10 | 0.1–0.6 | NR |
| Fortaleza, 2009 (62) | Brazil | Quinolone use | OR | 0.13 | 0.03–0.47 | 0.002 |
| Martinez, 2009 (56) | Spain | Quinolone use | OR | 0.27 | 0.1–0.7 | NR |
| Martinez, 2009 (56) | Spain | Antipseudomonal cephalosporin use | OR | 0.27 | 0.08–0.9 | NR |
| Mammina, 2008 (70) | Italy | Exclusive feeding by formula | HR | 0.18 | 0.05–0.61 | 0.006 |
| Mammina, 2008 (70) | Italy | Length of stay of >2 weeks | HR | 0.10 | 0.00–0.11 | 0.011 |
| Lodise, Jr., 2007 (46) | USA | Risk factor 1 + 2 + 3c | PR | 0.60 | 0.4–0.9 | 0.02 |
| Aloush, 2006 (57) | Israel | Having a malignant disease | OR | 0.20 | 0.05–0.9 | 0.03 |
| Berthelot, 2001 (69) | France | Duration of antibiotic treatment | OR | 0.78 | 0.69–0.87 | NR |
| Arruda, 1999 (71) | Brazil | Number of antimicrobial drugs | OR | 0.33 | NR | 0.006 |
a
Studies are reported by first author, year, and reference number.
b
OR, odds ratio; HR, hazard ratio; PR, prevalence ratio; CI, confidence interval; NR, not reported.
c
Combination of risk factors: 1, prior receipt of mechanical ventilation for 11 days or more; 2, prior carbapenem exposure for 3 days or more; 3, prior fluoroquinolone exposure of 3 days or more.