TABLE 4.
Environmental sources and reservoirs identified when searching 1,662 + 22 studies for carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa
| Environmental source/reservoir | Reference(s)a |
|---|---|
| Automated urine analyzer | Hallin, 2012 (81); Nagao, 2011* (59) |
| Urine vol-measuring device | Sekiguchi, 2007 (82) |
| Air-conditioning system | Pinna, 2009 (83) |
| Sinks | Kouda, 2011 (84); Babu, 2011 (85); Crivaro, 2009 (86); Hota, 2009 (87); Mayank, 2009 (88); Crespo, 2004 (89); Boutiba-Ben Boubaker, 2003 (90); Bertrand, 2000 (91); Bert, 1998 (92); Griffith, 1989 (93) |
| Scopes | Boutiba-Ben Boubaker, 2003 (90). Bronchoscope, DiazGranados, 2009 (94); Sorin, 2001 (95); Panzig, 1999 (96). ERCP scope, Fraser, 2004 (97). Endoscope, Pitten, 2001 (98) |
| Water tap | Mentzelopoulos, 2007* (39); Bukholm, 2002 (99) |
| Trap water | Leung, 2008 (100) |
| Tap water | Mayank, 2009 (88); Pitten, 2001 (98); Bert, 1998 (92) |
| Sanitation related contamination | Kouda, 2011 (84); Panzig, 1999 (96); Verweij, 1997 (101) |
| Contaminated patient room | Kouda, 2011 (84); Cezario, 2009* (36); Mayank, 2009 (88); Boutiba-Ben Boubaker, 2003 (90); Landman, 2002 (102) |
| Positive cultures from nurses | Crivaro, 2009 (86); Mayank, 2009 (88); Vilar-Compte, 2003 (103); Bertrand, 2000 (91); Zheng, 1990 (104) |
| Bed pan sterilizer | Verweij, 1997 (101) |
| Milk bank pasteurizer | Gras-Le Guen, 2003 (105) |
| Bottle warmer | Gras-Le Guen, 2003 (105) |
| Stethoscope | Crespo, 2004 (89) |
| Mechanical ventilation related | Cezario, 2009* (36); Kikuchi, 2007 (106); Landman, 2002 (102) |
| Suction apparatus | Babu, 2011 (85); Mentzelopoulos, 2007* (39); Bertrand, 2000 (91) |
| Ice packs | Bertrand, 2000 (91) |
| Mops | Babu, 2011 (85) |
| O2 bottles, O2 tubing | Mayank, 2009 (88) |
| Contaminated cystoscopy room | Pena, 2003 (107) |
| Contaminated urodynamic lab | Climo, 1997 (108) |
a
References are reported by first author, year, and reference number. Studies followed by an asterisk were included in the systematic review.