FIG 4.

Growth of M. alpina strains in Kendrick medium. (A) Medium pH of MAU1 (dashed line) and overexpressing strain MA-malE1-1 (solid line) in Kendrick medium at an initial pH of 6.0 in a 2-liter fermentor at 28°C with direct aeration. The dotted line represents the medium pH measured over time in M. alpina culture medium from 500-ml stirred bottles containing 100 ml Kendrick medium. (B) Growth of control strain MAU1 (dashed lines) and overexpressing strain MA-malE1-1 (solid lines) in Kendrick medium at an initial pH of 6.0 in a 2-liter fermentor at 28°C with direct aeration. Cell dry weight (closed circles), ammonium tartrate concentration (closed squares), glucose concentration (open squares) are shown. Three independent experiments were performed and error bars represent standard deviations.