FIG 6.

PilA2 is required for adhered-biofilm formation. (A) Adhered-biofilm formation of the pilA2 mutant strain. C. perfringens was cultured at 37°C in GAM or TY-G1 broth for 2 days, and the adhered cells were stained with crystal violet. (B) Quantification of the adhered-biofilm biomass. The means and standard deviations of the OD₅₇₀ values of three independent experiments are shown. (C) Confocal laser microscopy images of the galKT or galKT pilA2 mutant strain biofilms formed at 37°C in GAM broth. The bars indicate 20 μm. The arrows indicate the substrate surface.