FIG 3.

Integrin α5β1and αv antibodies inhibit hMPV infectivity in host cells. Confluent monolayers of LLC-MK2 cells in 96-well plates were pretreated with each integrin antibody (20 μg/ml) at 37°C for 1 h. Then, the cells were shifted to a 4°C incubator for 30 min. The cells were incubated with hMPV at an MOI of 100 PFU/well. After incubation on ice for 1 h (with shaking every 15 min), the inoculum was removed and the cells were washed with cold Opti-MEM 3 times. The infected cells were then incubated with fresh DMEM at 37°C in 5% CO₂. After 24 h, the binding and infectivity were determined by counting the number of immunostaining spots. The percent infectivity for each antibody treatment was normalized by the infectivity of hMPV without antibody treatment. The data shown are averages for three independent experiments.