FIG 3.

MV-Edm-induced autophagy and autophagic flux impair antiviral immune responses. Gene expression of the antiviral cytokines IFNB1, CXCL10, OAS1, and IFI27 was quantified by qRT-PCR in A549 and H1299 cells transfected with siRNAs targeting ATG7, BECN1, SQSTM1, or RAB7 or with control siRNA (A), with an expression plasmid encoding the ATG5 mutant ATG5-K130R (B), or with functional ATG5 (C) and grown in the absence or presence of MV-Edm (MOI = 0.2) for 48 h. The fold increase in gene expression shown in panel A was normalized to levels for cells treated with control siRNA in the absence (open bars) or presence (filled bars) of MV-Edm. P values were obtained by comparison with results for cells transfected with control siRNA after MV-Edm infection. The percentage decrease in gene expression shown in panel B was compared to results for cells expressing ATG5-K130R and infected with MV-Edm. Means + SD for quadruplicates are shown. Similar results were obtained in two independent experiments. (D) CXCL10 and IFNB1 were quantified by ELISA in the supernatants of A549 cells transfected with siRNAs for ATG7, BECN1, or control siRNA followed by infection with MV-Edm for 48 h (filled bars) or left uninfected (open bars). Means + SD of two experiments are shown. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01.