Table 1. Study population characteristics by treatment arm.
| Characteristic | Treatment Group | |||||
| All | A: EFV+3TC/ZDV | B: ATV + DDI + FTC | C: EFV + TDF/FTC | p-value | ||
| All, no. | 220 | 79 | 76 | 65 | ||
| Sex, no. (%) | Male | 106 (48) | 41 (52) | 38 (50) | 27 (42) | 0.43 |
| Female | 114 (52) | 38 (48) | 38 (50) | 38 (58) | ||
| Age–years, median (IQR) | 35 (30–42) | 35 (30–40) | 35 (30–42) | 34 (30–42) | 0.88 | |
| Country, no. (%) | Brazil | 29 (13) | 12 (15) | 9 (12) | 8 (12) | 0.58 |
| Haiti | 27 (12) | 11 (14) | 11 (14) | 5 (7) | ||
| India | 5 (2) | 2 (3) | 2 (3) | 1 (2) | ||
| Malawi | 24 (11) | 11 (14) | 7 (9) | 6 (9) | ||
| Peru | 28 (13) | 10 (13) | 5 (7) | 13 (20) | ||
| South Africa | 26 (12) | 8 (10) | 10 (13) | 6 (9) | ||
| Thailand | 26 (12) | 7 (9) | 10 (13) | 11 (16) | ||
| United States | 27 (13) | 6 (8) | 10 (13) | 6 (9) | ||
| Zimbabwe | 28 (13) | 12 (15) | 10 (12) | 7 (10) | ||
| Race, no. (%) | White | 27 (12) | 5 (6) | 13 (17) | 9 (14) | 0.46 |
| Black | 127 (57) | 53 (67) | 44 (58) | 30 (46) | ||
| Asian | 32 (15) | 11 (11) | 12 (16) | 11 (17) | ||
| Other* | 33 (16) | 12 (15) | 7 (9) | 14 (22) | ||
| BMI, no. (%) | BMI <18.5 kg/m2 | 16 (7) | 6 (8) | 6 (8) | 4 (6) | 0.87 |
| BMI 18–25 kg/m2 | 143 (65) | 55 (70) | 46 (60) | 42 (65) | ||
| BMI ≥25 kg/m2 | 61 (28) | 18 (22) | 24 (32) | 19 (29) | ||
| Prior AIDS diagnosis, no. (%) | 16 (7) | 6 (8) | 6 (8) | 4 (6) | 0.92 | |
| Baseline CD4 count–cells/µl, median (IQR) | 180 (87–231) | 168 (64–245) | 193 (126–241) | 163 (82–216) | 0.76 | |
| Baseline viral load–log10copies/ml, median (IQR) | 5.07(4.61–5.48) | 5.07 (4.63–5.48) | 5.04 (4.55–5.46) | 5.07 (4.64–5.57) | 0.93 | |
| Baseline vitamin Dcategory, no. (%) | Severely deficient (≤10 ng/ml) | 3 (1) | 2 (3) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 0.77 |
| Deficient (10–20 ng/ml) | 28 (13) | 8 (10) | 9 (12) | 11 (17) | ||
| Insufficient (20–32 ng/ml) | 74 (34) | 28 (35) | 26 (34) | 20 (31) | ||
| Adequate (≥32 ng/ml) | 115 (52) | 41 (52) | 40 (53) | 34 (52) | ||
| Baseline vitamin D–ng/ml, median (IQR) | 32 (25–39) | 32 (25–39) | 32 (25–39) | 32 (25–43) | 0.89 | |
*The majority of those reporting race as “Other” were Mestizo from Peru, Brazil and Haiti. Abbreviations: EFV, efavirenz; 3TC, lamivudine; ZDV, zidovudine; ATV, atazanavir; DDI, didanosine-EC; FTC, emtricitabine; TDF, tenofovir-DF; IQR, interquartile range; BMI, body mass index (kg/m2).