Table 1. Demographics, underlying disease/condition, and clinical characteristics of patients with severe hospital-acquired pneumonia.
| HAP patients (n = 262) | |
| Male, n (%) | 191 (72.9) |
| Mean age (SD), y | 64.5 (13.5) |
| Hospital stay prior to HAP, median (IQR), d | 20 (10–42) |
| Underlying diseases or conditions, n (%) | |
| Hematologic malignancy | 76 (29.0) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 76 (29.0) |
| Structural lung disease | 60 (22.9) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 28 (10.7) |
| Interstitial lung disease | 19 (7.3) |
| Tuberculous destroyed lung | 17 (6. 5) |
| Bronchiectasis | 4 (1.5) |
| Solid cancer | 59 (22.5) |
| Cerebrovascular attack | 21 (8.0) |
| Heart failure | 21 (8.0) |
| Bone marrow transplantation | 20 (7.6) |
| Liver cirrhosis | 12 (4.6) |
| Alcoholism | 10 (3.8) |
| End-stage renal disease | 10 (3.8) |
| Solid organ transplantation | 10 (3.8) |
| Chronic renal failure | 8 (3.1) |
| Immunocompromised statea | 119 (45.4) |
| Receipt of immunosuppressive therapy | 64 (24.4) |
| Receipt of recent chemotherapy (within 1 month) | 57 (21.8) |
| Neutropoenia (absolute neutrophil count <500/mm3) | 47 (17.9) |
| Recent surgery (within 1 month) | 40 (15.3) |
| Active smoker | 13 (5.0) |
| APACHE II score (SD) | 25.4 (6.8) |
| SOFA score (SD) | 10.0 (3.5) |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 251 (95.8) |
| Septic shock at admission, n (%) | 123 (46.9) |
HAP = hospital-acquired pneumonia; APACHE = Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; SOFA = Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.
a
The immunocompromised state was verified if the patients: (i) had daily administration of corticosteroids (at least 5 mg per day of prednisolone or an equivalent drug), (ii) were solid organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, (iii) had received treatment with chemotherapy for an underlying malignancy during the 6 months prior to ICU admission, and (iv) had an underlying acquired immune deficiency disorder.