Table 1.

Rural and urban considerations for CHPS milestone development

Milestones for the development of CHPS	Rural considerations	Urban considerations
Community-based planning	Situation analysis, initial outreach to chiefs, ‘zoning’ of catchment areas	Block and neighbourhood identification, clarification of geographic responsibility
Community entry	Building understanding with chiefs, elders, and opinion leaders	Focus on identifying social networks (corresponding to ethnicity of settlers)
	Developing community health	Outreach to formal authorities and politicians
	Organizing CHC action
	Developing durbars for health communication
Essential equipment	Motorbikes and bicycles in addition to clinical equipment for Integrated Management for Childhood Immunization (IMCI), Expanded Programme for Immunization (EPI), Family Planning/Reproductive Health (FP/RH)	Low cost 3 or 4 wheel vehicles, in addition to clinical equipment for IMCI, EPI, FP/RH. Adolescent and adult health important
Facility development	Community volunteer construction of CHC or renovation of existing facility	Arranging donation of secure space or renovation of donated space; no CHC
Nurse community engagement training and posting	Training in community entry, liaison, and sustaining community participation	Training in health education in the urban context
Volunteer identification, training, and deployment	Community organizational focused; basic medicinal distribution; health promotion including bed nets, condoms, oral rehydration solution	Service focused volunteers with no curative services (more limited role)