Table 4.

Knowledge of HIV discrimination and stigma

Variable (N = 200)	N(%)
Signs of discrimination
Avoidance: avoid touching, proximity, etc.	192 (96.0)
Denial: denied housing, job loss, etc.	169 (84.5)
Isolation: isolated area in hospitals, etc.	178 (89.0)
Gossip from the community	179 (89.5)
Loss of status within household and community	155 (77.5)
Loss of access to essential resources	151 (75.5)
Main causes of stigma against PLHIV
Lack of knowledge about HIV	178 (89.0)
Fear of HIV	185 (92.5)
Connection of HIV to “social evils”	162 (81.0)
How does stigma affect PLHIV?
Self-discrimination	169 (84.5)
Job loss or inability to find employment	176 (88.0)
Difficulties in accessing social support services	177 (88.5)
Hiding HIV status	181 (90.5)
How does stigma affect HIV patients’ family
Family members lose access to social support services	156 (78.0)
Family income is affected- limited employment	170 (85.0)
Family members also become victims of stigma	178 (89.0)
Relationships within the households are affected	171 (85.5)
How does stigma affect the community/society
Stigma increases HIV transmission risks	157 (78.5)
Wasting resources due to PLHIV don’t want to access intervention programs	178 (89.0)
Stigma destroys traditional values (sense of belonging)	180 (90.0)