Table 2.
Primary and secondary outcomes
| Outcome | Intervention | Usual care | Crude OR (95% CI) p value |
Clustered OR (95% CI) p value |
Adjusted* and clustered OR (95% CI) p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary outcome: awareness of TPAD results by inpatient attending physician | |||||
| Inpatient attending physicians aware† | 76% (106/139) | 38% (52/136) | 5.19 (3.08 to 8.74) p<0.001 |
5.19 (2.25 to 11.99) p<0.001 |
6.30 (3.02 to 13.16) p<0.001 |
| Hospitalist | 80% (76/95) | 36% (32/89) | 7.13 (3.74 to 13.83) p<0.001 |
7.13 (2.09 to 24.27) p=0.002 |
13.63 (4.47 to 41.60) p<0.001 |
| Non-hospitalists‡ | 68% (30/44) | 43% (20/47) | 2.89 (1.23 to 6.83) p=0.01 |
2.89 (1.22 to 6.87) p=0.02 |
5.48 (1.90 to 15.81) p=0.002 |
| Secondary outcome: awareness of TPAD results by PCP | |||||
| PCPs aware† | 57% (39/69) | 33% (27/83) | 2.70 (1.39 to 5.22) p=0.003 |
2.70 (1.27 to 5.70) p=0.01 |
3.08 (1.43 to 6.66) p=0.004 |
| Network PCP | 64% (36/56) | 32% (24/74) | 3.75 (1.80 to 7.80) p<0.001 |
3.75 (1.59 to 8.87) p=0.003 |
6.00 (2.27 to 15.91) p<0.001 |
| Non-network PCP | 23% (3/13) | 33% (3/9) | 0.60 (0.09 to 3.99) p=0.66 |
0.60 (0.09 to 4.07) p=0.60 |
Small sample |
| Secondary outcome: awareness of actionable§ TPAD results by physician | |||||
| Inpatient attending physicians aware† | 59% (16/27) | 29% (8/28) | 3.64 (1.18 to 11.18) p=0.02 |
3.64 (0.78 to 17.05) p=0.10 |
4.25 (0.65 to 27.85) p=0.13 |
| PCPs aware† | 65% (13/20) | 48% (13/27) | 2.00 (0.61 to 6.57) p=0.25 |
2.00 (0.62 to 6.47) p=0.25 |
2.15 (0.54 to 8.60) p=0.28 |
*Adjusted for the following covariates from table 1: physician specialty (hospitalist, non-hospitalist; p=0.41, OR 1.22 (95% CI 0.76 to 2.18)); attending physician experience (<10, ≥10; p<0.001, OR 0.37 (95% CI 0.25 to 0.57)); Elixhauser score (≤0, ≥1; p=0.32, OR 0.76 (95% CI 0.51 to 1.14)); number of TPADs per patient (≤2, ≥3, p=0.04; OR 1.49 (95% CI 1.02 to 2.18)); and average length of stay (≤2, ≥3; p=0.93, OR 1.02 (95% CI 0.70 to 1.49)).
†A ‘yes’ response was recorded if the participant responded ‘yes’ when asked if s/he was aware of any TPAD result, or if s/he recalled reviewing a previous email notification including the TPAD result(s).
‡Traditional internists, cardiologists, or other subspecialists.
§TPAD(s) were determined to be actionable by the surveyed physician. Physicians responding to surveys were first asked if at least one TPAD result was actionable and then to list the actionable test result.
PCP, primary care physician; TPAD, test pending at discharge.