Figure 3.
Neutralizing IL-4 treatment rescues inflammation and restores islet capillary density. A: Newborn animals were treated with subcutaneous injections of vehicle (PBS) or 1 μg/kg−1 neutralizing IL-4 antibodies from PD1–6. Inflammatory cytokine and chemokines were measured by Luminex Assay from PD14 serum after treatment. Data are expressed as fold change compared with controls ± SEM (n = 8 measurements/age/group). B: Immunohistochemistry for presence of islet-associated immune cells using antibody to CD68 for macrophages and antibody to CD3 for T lymphocytes in PD14 animals following neutralizing IL-4 antibody treatment (n = 6–8 measurements/age; scale bar represents 10 μm in all images). C and D: Islet capillary density was measured by quantifying the amount of lectin staining per islet in 100 islets/group (n = 4 measurements/group, 100 islets total per group). Values are ± SEM (n = 4 measurements/age/group). *, significant difference at P < 0.05 versus CV; ‡, significant difference at P < 0.05 versus CIL4; †, significant difference at P < 0.05 versus IV; ND, undetectable (analyte was undetectable in tissue); white bars, CV; gray bars, IV; white bars with hatch marks, CIL4; gray bars with hatch marks, IIL4.