Fig. 1.

A schematic moving clockwise of the courtship dance of the male golden-collared manakin (Manacus vitellinus) being observed by a female, the solid gray bird perched above the male. The display begins (1) with the male sitting rigid on a upright stem. He launches his body from the perch with a powerful thrust of his legs (2). Midflight, he makes a single powerful and rapid wing stroke (3) that produces the loud single snap. He retracts his wings and holds them in place, sailing across the arena while still holding his “beard” solidly out in front. Just before landing, he makes a quick partial wing flap that turns him in midair and he lands squarely on the second stem (4). He holds this position briefly rigidly until embarking on the next jump and wingsnap. The thick arrow indicates that this complete sequence is repeated, on average, about nine times per complete courtship display. Note that in some cases, the female joins the male in a “duo dance” but she flies, not jumps, across the arena and her movements appear more awkward.