Table 2.
Fully adjusted analysis of all outcomes (asthma, asthma with no early wheeze, eczema, hay fever, headaches and sensitization) against each exposure variable (any vs. none, 5 level and 8 level)
| Outcome | Antibiotics taken |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any vs. none | Testing dose dependency (5 level variable) | Testing time dependency (8 level variable) | ||||
| Asthma | No | Ref | None | Ref | None | Ref |
| Yes | 1.75 (1.40–2.17) | Once | 1.11 (0.84–1.48) | 0–6 months only | 1.12 (0.72–1.74) | |
| Twice | 1.50 (1.14–1.98) | 6–15 months only | 1.13 (0.81–1.56) | |||
| Three times | 1.79 (1.34–2.40) | 15–24 months only | 1.50 (1.08–2.07) | |||
| Four times or more | 2.82 (2.19–3.63) | 0–6 and 6–15 months | 1.52 (1.07–2.16) | |||
| 0–6 and 15–24 months | 1.59 (0.97–2.60) | |||||
| 6–15 and 15–24 months | 2.13 (1.63–2.78) | |||||
| 0–6, 6–15 and 15–24 months | 2.60 (1.98–3.42) | |||||
| Asthma no early wheeze (before 18 months) (n = 4042) | No | Ref | None | Ref | None | Ref |
| Yes | 1.09 (0.84–1.41) | Once | 0.90 (0.65–1.26) | 0–6 months only | 0.90 (0.50–1.61) | |
| Twice | 0.89 (0.62–1.27) | 6–15 months only | 0.82 (0.55–1.22) | |||
| Three times | 1.25 (0.86–1.83) | 15–24 months only | 1.07 (0.72–1.59) | |||
| Four times or more | 1.65 (1.16–2.35) | 0–6 and 6–15 months | 0.89 (0.53–1.51) | |||
| 0–6 and 15–24 months | 0.96 (0.47–1.98) | |||||
| 6–15 and 15–24 months | 1.33 (0.95–1.86) | |||||
| 0–6, 6–15 and 15–24 months | 1.46 (0.97–2.19) | |||||
| Asthma no early wheeze (before 30 months) (n = 3602) | No | Ref | None | Ref | None | Ref |
| Yes | 0.90 (0.67–1.20) | Once | 0.85 (0.59–1.24) | 0–6 months only | 0.91 (0.47–1.75) | |
| Twice | 0.71 (0.46–1.09) | 6–15 months only | 0.79 (0.51–1.23) | |||
| Three times | 0.97 (0.61–1.54) | 15–24 months only | 0.94 (0.59–1.49) | |||
| Four times or more | 1.24 (0.80–1.91) | 0–6 and 6–15 months | 0.67 (0.35–1.28) | |||
| 0–6 and 15–24 months | 0.96 (0.40–2.30) | |||||
| 6–15 and 15–24 months | 1.03 (0.69–1.55) | |||||
| 0–6, 6–15 and 15–24 months | 0.94 (0.56–1.60) | |||||
| Eczema | No | Ref | None | Ref | ||
| Yes | 1.20 (1.02–1.41) | Once | 1.05 (0.85–1.29) | |||
| Twice | 1.23 (1.00–1.51) | |||||
| Three times | 1.17 (0.93–1.47) | |||||
| Four times or more | 1.41 (1.14–1.74) | |||||
| Hay fever | No | Ref | None | Ref | ||
| Yes | 1.28 (1.03–1.60) | Once | 1.17 (0.88–1.54) | |||
| Twice | 1.21 (0.90–1.61) | |||||
| Three times | 1.18 (0.86–1.61) | |||||
| Four times or more | 1.60 (1.21–2.10) | |||||
| Headache | No | Ref | None | Ref | ||
| Yes | 1.18 (1.05–1.33) | Once | 1.12 (0.96–1.30) | |||
| Twice | 1.21 (1.04–1.42) | |||||
| Three times | 1.17 (0.99–1.39) | |||||
| Four times or more | 1.23 (1.05–1.45) | |||||
| Sensitization | No | Ref | None | Ref | ||
| Yes | 1.02 (0.85–1.22) | Once | 1.00 (0.80–1.25) | |||
| Twice | 1.10 (0.88–1.39) | |||||
| Three times | 0.96 (0.74–1.24) | |||||
| Four times or more | 1.00 (0.79–1.27) | |||||
Models were fully adjusted for child-based variables (sex, ethnicity and age of child at time of outcome), birth-related variables (mother's age at time of delivery, birth mode, birthweight and gestation), socioeconomic status (marital status, home ownership status, mother's highest educational qualification and degree of difficulty in paying for food) and lifestyle variables (child breastfed, time spent outdoors by the child, disinfectant use by mother during pregnancy, mother's smoking during pregnancy and child's contact with cats).