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. 2014 Apr 14;8:126. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00126

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Copyright © 2014 Pei, Liu and Lai.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The effect of chronic valproate treatment on the rescue of cognitive deficits in male wild-type (WT, white bars) and TMc-Nrg1^+/− mutant (black bars) mice. Three cognitive tasks, including (A) an object recognition task, (B) a contextual fear conditioning task, and (C) a cued fear conditioning task, were conducted. Either valproate (1.5 mmol/kg, s.c.) or 0.9% saline was injected twice a day for 17 days. The object recognition task was conducted on day 16,and the contextual/cued tests of fear conditioning were performed on day 17. (D) The expression of GAD67 in the hippocampus of both WT and TMc-Nrg1^+/− mice after chronic injections of either saline or valproate. Data are presented as the mean + s.e.m. ^*P < 0.05 between two genotypes.