TABLE 2.
Characteristics of children enrolled into the follow-up study whose mothers participated in a trial of calcium supplementation during pregnancy1
Placebo |
Supplement |
|||
Males (n = 88) | Females (n = 83) | Males (n = 87) | Females (n = 93) | |
Age (y) | 7.4 ± 1.2 | 7.3 ± 1.2 | 7.5 ± 1.2 | 7.3 ± 1.2 |
Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 97.0 ± 8.1 | 99.3 ± 9.0 | 98.1 ± 8.1 | 97.9 ± 8.7 [92] |
Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 57.1 ± 7.2 | 58.7 ± 7.1 | 57.3 ± 7.5 | 58.6 ± 7.8 [92] |
Pulse pressure (mm Hg)2 | 39.9 ± 6.4 | 40.6 ± 6.1 | 40.9 ± 6.8 | 39.3 ± 5.8 [92] |
MAP (mm Hg)3 | 70.4 ± 6.9 | 72.2 ± 7.3 | 70.9 ± 7.0 | 71.7 ± 7.6 [92] |
Height (cm) | 118.3 ± 7.8 | 118.8 ± 8.7 | 118.4 ± 7.4 | 117.3 ± 7.9 |
HAZ4 | −1.13 ± 0.77 | −0.81 ± 1.02 | −1.18 ± 0.84 | −1.12 ± 0.75 |
Weight (kg) | 19.6 ± 2.8 | 20.0 ± 4.1 | 20.1 ± 3.4 | 19.1 ± 3.2 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 14.0 ± 0.9 | 14.0 ± 1.2 | 14.3 ± 1.1 | 13.8 ± 1.2 |
FMI (kg/m1.6) | 1.88 ± 0.38 [85] | 2.51 ± 0.62 [81] | 2.01 ± 0.49 [86] | 2.39 ± 0.55 [92] |
LMI (kg/m2.3)3 | 11.59 ± 0.77 [85] | 11.12 ± 0.73 [81] | 11.76 ± 0.80 [86] | 11.02 ± 0.82 [92] |
Trunk fat (%)5 | 13.4 ± 2.5 [85] | 14.4 ± 3.0 [81] | 13.8 ± 2.9 [86] | 14.1 ± 2.7 [92] |
Values are means ± SDs; placebo and supplement refer to maternal intervention. Numbers in brackets reflect subject numbers that differ from those indicated in the column headings. MAP, mean arterial pressure; HAZ, height-for-age z score; FMI, fat mass index; LMI, lean mass index; BP, blood pressure.
Calculated as systolic – diastolic blood pressure.
MAP calculated as diastolic + (1/3 × pulse pressure).
Estimated from UK 1990 reference data (26).
Estimated by the Tanita inbuilt equations, not from population-specific equations.