Table 1.
Divergence Estimates for Sex-Biased and Sex-Limited Gene Categories in Larvae and Pre-pupae.
| Stage | Location | Categorya | n Genes (kb/1000)b | dN (P)c | dS (P)c | dN/dS (P)c | DoS (P)d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Larva | Autosomes | UB | 659 (41.49) | 0.0062 | 0.0662 | 0.0930 | −0.14 |
| MB | 1202 (90.13) | 0.0082 (<0.001) | 0.0744 (<0.001) | 0.1107 (0.004) | −0.10 (<0.0001) | ||
| ML | 290 (24.83) | 0.0092 (<0.001) | 0.0780 (<0.001) | 0.1179 (0.004) | −0.12 (0.021) | ||
| FB | 1915 (167.31) | 0.0051 (0.001) | 0.0691 (0.013) | 0.0742 (<0.001) | −0.16 (0.116) | ||
| FL | 179 (12.23) | 0.0067 (0.410) | 0.0711 (0.023) | 0.0944 (0.892) | −0.17 (0.113) | ||
| X | UB | 58 (4.42) | 0.0091 | 0.0809 | 0.1123 | −0.10 | |
| MB | 111 (11.70) | 0.0149 (0.016) | 0.0975 (0.058) | 0.1524 (0.101) | −0.06 (0.244) | ||
| ML | 35 (3.85) | 0.0140 (0.044) | 0.1162 (0.004) | 0.1207 (0.811) | −0.09 (0.858) | ||
| FB | 442 (27.38) | 0.0050 (<0.001) | 0.0746 (0.170) | 0.0676 (0.004) | −0.14 (0.134) | ||
| FL | 36 (2.51) | 0.0056 (0.029) | 0.0794 (0.845) | 0.0703 (0.083) | −0.14 (0.458) | ||
| Pre-pupa | Autosomes | UB | 694 (44.31) | 0.0065 | 0.0674 | 0.0971 | −0.15 |
| MB | 1029 (75.35) | 0.0080 (<0.001) | 0.0738 (<0.001) | 0.1080 (0.076) | −0.11 (<0.0001) | ||
| ML | 440 (38.11) | 0.0098 (<0.001) | 0.0796 (<0.001) | 0.1225 (0.001) | −0.10 (<0.0001) | ||
| FB | 2080 (174.51) | 0.0050 (<0.001) | 0.0682 (0.424) | 0.0733 (<0.001) | −0.16 (0.214) | ||
| FL | 204 (14.39) | 0.0070 (0.455) | 0.0729 (0.006) | 0.0958 (0.881) | −0.17 (0.074) | ||
| X | UB | 62 (4.94) | 0.0088 | 0.0800 | 0.1098 | −0.13 | |
| MB | 95 (9.18) | 0.0120 (0.127) | 0.0961 (0.046) | 0.1246 (0.490) | −0.10 (0.109) | ||
| ML | 55 (6.54) | 0.0187 (<0.001) | 0.1135 (<0.001) | 0.1651 (0.071) | −0.03 (0.005) | ||
| FB | 459 (28.83) | 0.0052 (<0.001) | 0.0755 (0.345) | 0.0690 (0.003) | −0.14 (0.889) | ||
| FL | 30 (2.06) | 0.0048 (0.038) | 0.0762 (0.601) | 0.0633 (0.081) | −0.10 (0.314) | ||
aUnbiased (UB), male-biased (MB), female-biased (FB), male-limited (ML), or female-limited (FL).
bThe number of genes and total alignment length.
cP values from a permutation test comparing each set of genes with the unbiased genes for that category. Significant P values (<0.05) are italicized.
dMean values for the direction of selection statistic, calculated as the difference in the proportion of fixed differences that are nonsynonymous and the proportion of polymorphisms that are nonsynonymous (Stoletzki and Eyre-Walker 2011). Negative values indicate purifying selection; positive values indicate adaptive evolution. P values from a Wilcoxon nonparametric test.