Figure 7.

A schematic diagram demonstrates three possible action models of HPSE in modulating BM-MSCs. (A) HPSE could modulate putative external signals that are mediated by cell surface HSPGs and involved in MSCs self-renewal and migration such as SDF-1. (B) HPSE might promote the release of putative self-renewal factors that are originally trapped in the extracellular matrix HSPGs. (C) HPSE could be endocytosed and sorted into cell nucleus to modulate the chromatin signatures and alter the gene expression profiles such as Cxcr4.