Figure 6. Time-frequency plots showing effects of feedback valence and magnitude.

Time-frequency representations of the difference between loss and gain trials (left), and of the difference between small and large outcome trials (right). The plots show relative power (dB) at FCz. Only for time-frequency plots, relative power averages were converted to a decibel (dB) scale, enabling comparison between different frequencies. Line boxes highlight larger increases in theta and late lower beta-band power for losses relative to gains (left); larger increases in theta power and smaller increases in early lower beta-band and late upper beta-band power for small compared to large outcomes (right).