Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of patients undergoing isolated major surgery
| Characteristics |
CABG |
Total hip replacement |
Colectomy |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
White |
Black |
White |
Black |
White |
Black |
|
| (n = 23,113) | (n = 2,736) | (n = 37,888) | (n = 5,045) | (n = 6,861) | (n = 1,394) | |
| RBC transfused (%) |
10,284 (44.5) |
1,599 (58.4) |
10,680 (28.2) |
1,701 (33.7) |
1,341 (19.6) |
314 (22.5) |
| Age, median (IQR) |
65 (58-73) |
61 (55-69) |
63 (55-72) |
57 (49-65) |
62 (50-73) |
59 (48-68) |
| Female |
5,124 (22.2) |
1,135 (41.5) |
20,552 (54.2) |
2,738 (54.3)# |
3,403 (49.6) |
720 (51.7)# |
| Primary payer |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Private |
8,802 (38.1) |
761 (27.8) |
17,849 (47.1) |
1,772 (35.1) |
3,082 (44.9) |
389 (27.9) |
| Medicare |
11,441 (49.5) |
1,291 (47.2) |
17,067 (45.1) |
2,035 (40.3) |
2,984 (43.5) |
540 (38.7) |
| Medicaid |
1,032 (4.5) |
330 (12.1) |
1,446 (3.8) |
798 (15.8) |
338 (4.9) |
236 (16.9) |
| Self-pay |
697 (3.0) |
164 (6.0) |
324 (0.9) |
108 (2.1) |
209 (3.1) |
105 (7.5) |
| Other |
1,120 (4.9) |
181 (6.6) |
1,163 (3.1) |
324 (6.4) |
241 (3.5) |
122 (8.8) |
| Admission status |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Emergent |
4,749 (20.6) |
817 (29.9) |
1,099 (2.9) |
141 (2.8)# |
1,508 (22.0) |
464 (33.3) |
| Urgent |
6,715 (29.1) |
763 (27.9) |
895 (2.4) |
170 (3.4) |
702 (10.2) |
141 (10.1)# |
| Elective |
11,615 (50.3) |
1,152 (42.1) |
35,818 (94.5) |
4,725 (93.7) |
4,602 (67.1) |
763 (54.7) |
| Trauma |
6 (0.03) |
1 (0.04) |
67 (0.2) |
7 (0.2)# |
43 (0.6) |
22 (1.6) |
| Comorbidity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Congestive heart failure |
59 (0.3) |
14 (0.5) |
877 (2.3) |
169 (3.4) |
364 (5.3) |
101 (7.3) |
| Valve disease |
29 (0.1) |
5 (0.2)# |
1,475 (3.9) |
96 (1.9) |
326 (4.8) |
45 (3.2) |
| Pulmonary circ disease |
19 (0.1) |
3 (0.1)# |
300 (0.8) |
76 (1.5) |
104 (1.5) |
31 (2.2)# |
| Periphery vascular disease |
3,557 (15.4) |
490 (17.9) |
756 (2.0) |
96 (1.9)# |
333 (4.9) |
57 (4.1)# |
| Hypertension |
16,100 (69.7) |
1,706 (62.4) |
19,924 (52.6) |
3,250 (64.4) |
3,129 (45.6) |
818 (58.7) |
| Paralysis |
111 (0.5) |
22 (0.8) |
108 (0.3) |
19 (0.4)# |
61 (0.9) |
18 (1.3)# |
| Other neurology disorder |
715 (3.1) |
84 (3.1)# |
1,306 (3.5) |
147 (2.9) |
295 (4.3) |
49 (3.5)# |
| Chronic pulmonary disease |
4,557 (19.7) |
520 (19.0)# |
4,732 (12.5) |
806 (16.0) |
987 (14.4) |
176 (12.6)# |
| Diabetes w/o complications |
7,148 (30.9) |
1,071 (39.1) |
3,816 (10.1) |
827 (16.4) |
889 (13.0) |
285 (20.4) |
| Diabetes with complications |
1,757 (7.6) |
319 (11.7) |
417 (1.1) |
83 (1.65) |
136 (2.0) |
35 (2.5)# |
| Hypothyroid |
2,316 (10.0) |
160 (5.9) |
5,082 (13.4) |
288 (5.7) |
703 (10.3) |
64 (4.6) |
| Renal failure |
3,129 (13.5) |
711 (26.0) |
1,321 (3.5) |
357 (7.1) |
395 (5.8) |
123 (8.8) |
| Liver disease |
411 (1.8) |
58 (2.1)# |
535 (1.4) |
127 (2.5) |
170 (2.5) |
26 (1.9)# |
| Peptic ulcer |
9 (0.04) |
0 (0.0)# |
7 (0.02) |
0 (0.0)# |
3 (0.04) |
1 (0.07)# |
| AIDS |
27 (0.12) |
15 (0.6) |
88 (0.2) |
69 (1.4) |
8 (0.1) |
7 (0.5) |
| Lymphoma |
122 (0.5) |
11 (0.4)# |
240 (0.6) |
34 (0.7)# |
47 (0.7) |
7 (0.5)# |
| Metastatic cancer |
50 (0.2) |
3 (0.1)# |
225 (0.6) |
21 (0.4)# |
962 (14.0) |
208 (14.9)# |
| Tumor w/o metastasis |
328 (1.4) |
44 (1.6)# |
263 (0.7) |
23 (0.5) |
205 (3.0) |
43 (3.1)# |
| Rheumatoid arthritis |
478 (2.1) |
66 (2.4)# |
1,460 (3.9) |
335 (6.6) |
179 (2.6) |
31 (2.2)# |
| Coagulopathy* |
121 (0.5) |
12 (0.4)# |
183 (0.5) |
14 (0.3) |
32 (0.5) |
4 (0.3)# |
| Obese |
4,564 (19.8) |
566 (20.7)# |
4,955 (13.1) |
864 (17.1) |
696 (10.1) |
178 (12.8) |
| Weight loss |
204 (0.9) |
34 (1.2)# |
110 (0.3) |
26 (0.5) |
317 (4.6) |
91 (6.5) |
| Fluid electrolyte disorder |
1,112 (4.8) |
195 (7.1) |
718 (1.9) |
108 (2.1)# |
467 (6.8) |
149 (10.7) |
| Blood loss anemia |
48 (0.2) |
14 (0.5) |
62 (0.2) |
9 (0.2)# |
93 (1.4) |
47 (3.4) |
| Deficiency anemia |
1,880 (8.1) |
476 (17.4) |
1,913 (5.1) |
423 (8.4) |
934 (13.6) |
262 (18.8) |
| Alcohol abuse |
804 (3.5) |
135 (4.9) |
693 (1.8) |
137 (2.7) |
167 (2.4) |
66 (4.7) |
| Drug abuse |
296 (1.3) |
161 (5.9) |
334 (0.9) |
170 (3.4) |
85 (1.2) |
58 (4.2) |
| Psychoses |
374 (1.6) |
49 (1.8)# |
657 (1.7) |
119 (2.4) |
154 (2.2) |
49 (3.5) |
| Depression | 1,906 (8.3) | 149 (5.5) | 4,660 (12.3) | 394 (7.8) | 628 (9.2) | 68 (4.9) |
Unless otherwise indicated, results are presented as number of patients and percentages.
Abbreviations: IQR inter-quartile range, AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome. All p values < 0.05 except marked with #.
*This refers to the newly defined coagulopathy used in the analysis, which recoded ICD-9 codes of 286.6, 286.7, 286.9, 287.4, and 287.5 as 0 for this comorbidity variable. The reason for the recoding is that the coagulopathy codes could be complications related to blood transfusion.