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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Apr 22.
Published in final edited form as: Sociol Methods Res. 2012 Nov;41(4):598–629. doi: 10.1177/0049124112460373

Table 3.

Empirical biases of the MLEs (θ^) and MI estimates (θ̃) when z1 ~ N(0, 1) & z2 ~ LNs(0, 1/2); entries in boldface are statistically significant at .05 level.

ML MI


pm n μ̂2 σ̂12 σ̂22 μ̃2 σ̃12 σ̃22
.05 30 −.005 .029 .058 −.004 .027 −.032
50 .005 −.024 −.014 .005 .025 −.002
100 −.002 −.001 −.009 −.002 −.000 −.001
200 .001 .003 −.002 .001 .003 .001
500 .001 .002 .006 .001 .002 .007
.15 30 .019 −.015 .018 .018 −.017 .117
50 .003 −.013 .008 .002 −.014 .063
100 .006 −.011 −.009 .004 −.013 .014
200 .008 −.006 .031 −.007 −.004 −.017
500 .006 −.001 −.014 .006 −.000 −.008
.25 30 −.008 −.006 .095 −.011 −.008 .339
50 −.015 −.006 −.011 −.014 −.004 .116
100 −.018 −.013 −.024 −.018 −.012 .033
200 .006 .005 .011 .006 .005 .039
500 −.006 −.005 −.015 −.005 −.005 −.003

ns 2 2 2 1 2 5