Table 2. Quinolone resistance, amino acid substitutions in the QRDR of GyrA, ParC and ParE proteins in terms of amino acid positions and PMQR determinants in extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli isolated from rivers and lakes in Switzerland.
| Isolate a) | Origin | blaESBL | NA MIC (mg/ml) | CIP MIC (mg/ml) | Substitutions in the QRDR | PMQR determinants | |||||
| GyrA | ParC | ParE | qnrS1 | aac(6′)-Ib-cr | qepA | Additional resistance profile | |||||
| OW60E1 | Reuss | CTX-M-27 | 12 | 0.5 | − | − | − | + | − | − | AM, CF, CTX, TE, S |
| OW54E2 | Aare | CTX-M-55 | 24 | 0.5 | − | − | − | + | − | − | AM, CF, CTX, TE, SMZ |
| OW2E1 | Eibach | CTX-M-15 | 256 | 0.19 | S83L | − | − | − | − | − | AM, AMC, CF, CTX, GM, TE, TMP |
| OW64E2 | Rhein | CTX-M-15 | 256 | 0.19 | Ser83L | − | − | − | − | − | AM, CF, CTX, S, SMZ, TMP |
| OW65E1 | Rhein | CTX-M-15 | 256 | 0.19 | Ser83L | − | − | − | − | − | AM, AMC, CF, CTX, SMZ |
| OW67E1 | Rhein | CTX-M-15 | 256 | 0.19 | S83L | − | − | − | − | − | AM, CF, CTX, SMZ, TMP |
| OW77E2 | Goldach | CTX-M-15 | 256 | 0.19 | S83L | − | − | − | − | − | AM, CF, CTX, TE, S, SMZ, TMP |
| OW8E1 | Marbach | CTX-M-3 | 256 | 0.25 | S83V | − | − | − | − | − | AM, CF, CTX, SMZ, TMP |
| OW63E2 | Limmat | CTX-M-15 | 256 | 0.25 | Ser83L | − | − | − | − | − | AM, AMC, CF, CTX, TE, S, C, SMZ, TMP |
| OW95E1 | Lorze | CTX-M-15 | 256 | 1.5 | S83L | − | − | + | − | − | AM, CF, CTX, TE, S, SMZ, TMP |
| OW1E2 | Birs | CTX-M-55 | 256 | 2 | S83L | − | − | + | − | − | AM, CF, CTX, TE, S, C, SMZ TMP |
| OW18E1 | Reuss | CTX-M-15 | >256 | 0.25 | S83L | − | − | − | − | − | AM, CF, CTX, TE, S, SMZ, TMP |
| OW55E1 | Aare | SHV-12 | >256 | 1 | S83L | S80R | − | − | − | − | AM, AMC, CF, CTX, TE, S, C, K, SMZ, TMP |
| OW38E1 | Emme | CTX-M-3 | >256 | 8 | S83L, D87N | S80I | − | − | − | − | AM, CF, CTX, TE, S, K, SMZ, TMP |
| OW48E1 | Aabach | CTX-M-1 | >256 | 12 | S83L, D87N | S80I | − | − | − | − | AM, CF, CTX, GM, TE, S, C, K, SMZ, TMP |
| OW3E1 | Birs | SHV-12 | >256 | 24 | S83L, D87N | S80I | − | − | − | − | AM, CF, CTX TE, S, C, SMZ, TMP |
| OW65E2 | Rhein | CTX-M-1 | >256 | 24 | S83L, D87N | S80I | − | − | − | − | AM, CF, CTX, TE, SMZ |
| OW76E2 | Thur | CTX-M-14 | >256 | 24 | S83L, D87N | S80I | − | − | − | − | AM, CF, CTX, GM, TE, S, SMZ, TMP |
| OW86E2 | Rotbach | CTX-M-27 | >256 | >32 | S83L, D87N | E84V | − | − | − | − | AM, CF, CTX, TE, S, SMZ, TMP |
| OW4E2 | Ergolz | CTX-M-27 | >256 | >32 | S83L, D87N | S80I, E84V | − | − | − | AM, CF, CTX, TE, S, SMZ | |
| OW14E1 | Rhein | CTX-M-14 | >256 | >32 | S83L, D87N | S80I, E84V | − | − | − | − | AM, CF, CTX, SMZ |
| OW15E1 | Rhein | CTX-M-27 | >256 | >32 | S83L, D87N | S80I, E84V | − | − | − | − | AM, CF, CTX, SMZ, TMP |
| OW18E2 | Reuss | CTX-M-15 | >256 | >32 | S83L, D87N | S80I, E84V | − | − | − | − | AM, CF, CTX, TE, S, SMZ, TMP |
| OW54E1 | Aare | CTX-M-55 | >256 | >32 | S83L, D87N | S80I, E84G | − | − | - | + | AM, CF, CTX, TE, S, C, SMZ, TMP |
| OW77E1 | Goldach | CTX-M-15 | >256 | >32 | S83L, D87N | S80I, E84V | − | − | + | − | AM, CF, CTX, TE, K, SMZ, TMP |
| OW89E1 | Reuss | CTX-M-15 | >256 | >32 | S83L, D87N | S80I, E84V | − | − | + | − | AM, CF, CTX, GM, TE, K, SMZ, TMP |
| OW1C2 | Birs | CTX-M-15 | >256 | >32 | S83T, I112V, L127M, A128S, K154R | S80I | S458A | − | + | − | AM, AMC, CF, CTX, GM, K, SMZ, TMP |
| OW3C1 | Birs | CTX-M-15 | >256 | >32 | S83L, D87N | S80I | S458A | − | + | − | AM, AMC, CF, CTX, GM, K, SMZ |
| OW5E1 | Ergolz | CTX-M-14 | >256 | >32 | S83L, D87Y | S80I | S458A | − | − | − | AM, CF, CTX, GM, S, SMZ, TMP |
| OW8C2 | Marbach | CTX-M-15 | >256 | >32 | S83L, D87N | S80I | S458A | − | + | − | AM, AMC, CF, CTX, TE, K, SMZ, TMP |
| OW14E2 | Rhein | CTX-M-15 | >256 | >32 | S83L, D87N | S80I | S458A | − | + | − | AM, AMC, CF, CTX, TE, S, K, SMZ, TMP |
| OW15C1 | Rhein | CTX-M-15 | >256 | >32 | S83L, D87N | S80I | S458A | − | + | − | AM, AMC, CF, CTX, GM, TE, K, SMZ, TMP |
| OW16E2 | Rhein | CTX-M-15 | >256 | >32 | S83L, D87N | S80I | S458A | − | + | − | AM, AMC, CF, CTX, GM, TE, K, SMZ, TMP |
| OW18C1 | Reuss | CTX-M-15 | >256 | >32 | S83L, D87N | S80I | S458A | − | + | − | AM, AMC, CF, CTX, GM, TE, S, K, SMZ, TMP |
| OW29E1 | Binzmühleweiher | CTX-M-15 | >256 | >32 | S83L, D87N | S80I | S458A | − | + | − | AM, AMC, CF, CTX, GM, TE, C, K, SMZ, TMP |
| OW50E1 | Aabach | CTX-M-15 | >256 | >32 | S83L, D87N | S80I | S458A | − | − | − | AM, CF, CTX, TE, S, C, SMZ, TMP |
| OW55C1 | Aare | CTX-M-15 | >256 | >32 | S83L, D87N | S80I | S458A | − | + | − | AM, AMC CF, CTX, GM, TE, K, SMZ |
| OW60C2 | Reuss | CTX-M-79 | >256 | >32 | S83L, D87N | S80I | E406A | − | − | − | AM, CF, CTX, TE, S, C, K, SMZ |
| OW60E2 | Reuss | CTX-M-15 | >256 | >32 | S83L, D87N | S80I | S458A | − | + | − | AM, AMC, CF, CTX, GM, TE, K, SMZ, TMP |
| OW77C1 | Goldach | CTX-M-15 | >256 | >32 | S83L, D87N | S80I | S458A | − | + | − | AM, CF, CTX, GM, C, K, SMZ, TMP |
| OW78E1 | Rotbach | CTX-M-15 | >256 | >32 | S83L, D87N | S80I | S458A | − | + | − | AM, AMC, CF, CTX, GM, TE, S, K, SMZ, TMP |
| OW80E1 | Katzensee | CTX-M-15 | >256 | >32 | S83L, D87N | S80I | S458A | − | + | − | AM, CF, CTX, GM, TE, C, K, SMZ, TMP |
a
) see Zurfluh et al. [10] for comparison.
AM, ampicillin; AMC, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; CF, cephalothin; CTX, cefotaxime; CIP, ciprofloxacin; GM, gentamicin; TE, tetracycline; S, streptomycin; C, chloramphenicol; K, kanamycin; NA, nalidixic acid; SMZ, sulfamethoxazole; TMP, trimethoprim.
QRDR: quinolone resistance-determining regions; PMQR: plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance mechanisms.