Table 5. Association of perceived stress with depression among participants (n = 1456).

	Presence of depression	Absence of depression	Total	OR (95% CI)	p-value
	(PHQ-9≥10)	(PHQ-9<10)
	n (%)	n (%)
Perceived stress
High (≥15.28)	128 (16.2)	622 (83.8)	790	4.91(3.16–7.62)	**0.001
Low (<15.28)	22 (3.3)	644 (96.7)	666

**significant at p<0.001