Table 1. Characteristics of the study subjects.
| Men (No. = 1,027) | Women (No. = 1,152) | P | |||
| Age (years)a | 43.1 | (13.5) | 44.8 | (14.0) | 0.003 |
| BMI (kg/m2)b | 23.4 | (21.5, 25.8) | 21.6 | (19.9, 23.9) | <0.001 |
| ALT (IU/L)b | 23 | (17, 35) | 16 | (12, 21) | <0.001 |
| GGT (IU/L)b | 33 | (21, 57) | 16 | (12, 23) | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg)a | 130.2 | (18.7) | 122.8 | (20.0) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg)a | 79.5 | (12.9) | 73.3 | (11.8) | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL)b | 103 | (73, 155) | 72 | (51.5, 104) | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)a | 57.0 | (14.8) | 67.9 | (15.3) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (JDS value) (%)a | 5.05 | (0.63) | 5.02 | (0.47) | 0.144 |
| Smoking habitc | <0.001 | ||||
| Current | 388 (37.8) | 71 (6.2) | |||
| Past | 250 (24.3) | 66 (5.7) | |||
| Never | 387 (37.7) | 1008 (87.5) | |||
| Unknown | 2 (0.2) | 7 (0.6) | |||
| Drinking habitc | <0.001 | ||||
| Daily | 411 (40.0) | 116 (10.1) | |||
| Often | 263 (25.6) | 216 (18.8) | |||
| Rarely or never | 353 (34.4) | 820 (71.2) | |||
| Metabolic syndrome prevalencec | <0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 215 (20.9) | 142 (12.3) | |||
| No | 797 (77.6) | 991 (86.0) | |||
| Unknown | 15 (1.5) | 19 (1.6) | |||
a
Mean ± SD, b Median (25%, 75%), c No. (%).
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase.
BP, blood pressure; HbA1c, hemoglobinA1c; JDS, Japan Diabetes Society.