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. 2014 Apr 22;9(4):e95982. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095982

Figure 7. Nicotine deters C. parallela but nicotine oxides do not.

Figure 7

C. parallela's predation (%) (in 1 h no-choice assay) on second-instar (a) M. sexta and (b) S. exigua larvae fed artificial diet containing water (control) or 0.1% (fresh mass) nicotine, NNO, cotinine or CNO. C. parallela predation (%) (in 1 h no-choice assay) on second-instar artificial diet fed (c) M. sexta and (d) S. exigua larvae coated with water (control) or 0.2% aqueous nicotine, NNO, cotinine or CNO. Each bar represents data from 30 larvae. Asterisks indicate significant differences (P≤0.05) in frequencies (and displayed percentages) by Fisher's exact test.