Kinematic identification of the Rest periods. a–d, 2D histograms of hand position over one whole session for each monkey: peaks at the low extreme of the vertical y-dimension (circled) are consistent with locations on the lap plate where the monkey rested its arm. e–j, Aggregated histograms of hand kinematics over all sessions for each monkey. e, f, Windowed path length dk (Equation 1) shown for dk < 10 mm. The arrow indicates the 1 mm Rest identification threshold. g, h, Speed, shown for <20 mm/s. i, j, Vertical component of position. Colors indicate task periods as defined in Figure 1b and black is the newly identified Rest period.