Table 2.
|
Bivariate |
Multivariate |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Covariate | Correlation | Partial correlation | Explained variance | F change | Regression coefficient | Coefficient’s significance | ||
Pain relief: NASS pain (explained variance: 72.1%) | ||||||||
Constant |
|
|
|
|
|
|
-8.114 |
0.269 |
NASS |
Pain |
Baseline |
-0.595 |
-0.734 |
35.5% |
53.570 |
-0.860 |
<0.001 |
NASS |
Function |
Change |
0.508 |
0.464 |
14.8% |
28.776 |
0.615 |
<0.001 |
NASS |
Function |
Baseline |
0.052 |
0.509 |
13.8% |
36.854 |
0.665 |
<0.001 |
HADS |
Anxiety |
Baseline |
-0.109 |
-0.311 |
2.6% |
7.243 |
-0.257 |
0.008 |
Sports |
|
Baseline |
0.149 |
0.197 |
1.5% |
4.692 |
2.510 |
0.033 |
Working capacity |
Baseline |
0.328 |
0.253 |
1.5% |
4.608 |
0.200 |
0.034 |
|
CSQ |
Catastrophizing |
Change |
0.348 |
0.260 |
1.5% |
4.378 |
0.232 |
0.039 |
Smoking |
|
|
-0.125 |
-0.193 |
1.1% |
3.519 |
-5.684 |
0.064 |
Functional improvement: SF-36 physical functioning (explained variance: 63.4%) | ||||||||
Constant |
|
|
|
|
|
|
30.492 |
<0.001 |
HADS |
Depression |
Change |
0.453 |
0.461 |
20.5% |
24.976 |
0.361 |
<0.001 |
SF-36 |
Physical function |
Baseline |
-0.436 |
-0.689 |
19.3% |
30.779 |
-0.622 |
<0.001 |
HADS |
Depression |
Baseline |
0.028 |
0.368 |
12.2% |
24.163 |
0.250 |
<0.001 |
SF-36 |
Bodily pain |
Change |
0.445 |
0.431 |
6.6% |
14.929 |
0.303 |
<0.001 |
SF-36 |
Bodily pain |
Baseline |
-0.084 |
0.228 |
2.3% |
5.356 |
0.202 |
0.023 |
Age |
|
|
-0.148 |
-0.209 |
1.4% |
3.475 |
-0.194 |
0.065 |
Sports |
|
Baseline |
-0.046 |
0.173 |
1.1% |
2.822 |
1.756 |
0.096 |
Working capacity improvement (explained variance: 58.2%) | ||||||||
Constant |
|
|
|
|
|
|
-0.358 |
|
Working capacity |
|
Baseline |
-0.526 |
-0.686 |
27.7% |
37.166 |
-0.881 |
<0.001 |
NASS |
Pain |
Change |
0.335 |
0.538 |
13.7% |
22.493 |
0.400 |
<0.001 |
CSQ |
Catastrophizing |
Baseline |
0.173 |
0.243 |
5.7% |
10.142 |
0.186 |
0.002 |
Sports |
|
Baseline |
-0.054 |
-0.291 |
3.7% |
7.848 |
-3.668 |
0.006 |
NASS |
Pain |
Baseline |
-0.049 |
0.208 |
3.3% |
6.195 |
0.186 |
0.015 |
SF-36 |
Physical function |
Baseline |
0.159 |
0.282 |
2.3% |
4.600 |
0.227 |
0.035 |
Comorbidities | -0.063 | -0.202 | 1.8% | 3.863 | -2.184 | 0.052 |
Legend: NASS: North American Spine Society cervical spine self-assessment instrument. CSQ: Coping Strategies Questionnaire. SF-36: Short Form 36. HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Admission: baseline score, Change: Change of the score between baseline and follow-up.