Table 4.
Measures and outcome during the course
| |
|
|
Admission → discharge (n = 175) |
Admission → 6 month follow-up (n = 103) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norm mean | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ES | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ES | ||
|
SF-36 |
Physical functioning |
87.3 |
55.8 (17.7) |
67.0 (18.0) |
0.63* |
55.7 (18.3) |
70.5 (18.9) |
0.81* |
| Bodily pain |
62.9 |
21.0 (14.0) |
29.5 (15.7) |
0.61* |
21.4 (14.3) |
30.4 (20.9) |
0.63* |
|
| Social functioning |
83.9 |
42.5 (26.1) |
47.0 (25.7) |
0.17* |
45.3 (25.8) |
50.7 (25.9) |
0.21 |
|
|
NASS |
Function |
- |
59.2 (15.2) |
62.6 (16.5) |
0.22* |
59.8 (15.3) |
66.1 (18.5) |
0.41* |
| Pain |
- |
17.5 (17.6) |
28.3 (22.5) |
0.61* |
17.7 (19.1) |
26.3 (21.2) |
0.45* |
|
|
HADS |
Depression |
81.6 |
62.3 (19.8) |
67.3 (20.5) |
0.25* |
63.8 (20.4) |
66.5 (22.1) |
0.13 |
| Anxiety |
77.8 |
61.9 (19.1) |
62.8 (20.3) |
0.05 |
63.3 (19.1) |
66.2 (21.0) |
0.15 |
|
|
CSQ |
Catastrophizing |
- |
58.9 (18.7) |
66.0 (20.5) |
0.38* |
60.1 (19.2) |
66.4 (22.5) |
0.33* |
| Activity level |
- |
62.4 (15.4) |
64.3 (15.0) |
0.12 |
64.6 (14.6) |
66.4 (14.7) |
0.12 |
|
| Control pain |
- |
44.6 (20.0) |
48.1 (20.6) |
0.18* |
45.0 (19.6) |
50.5 (20.5) |
0.28* |
|
| Decrease pain |
- |
42.1 (18.5) |
47.0 (19.7) |
0.26* |
43.2 (18.1) |
46.0 (19.2) |
0.15 |
|
| Work | Working capacity (h/w) | - | 13.3 (13.7) | 18.9 (9.6) | 0.40* | 15.6 (14.2) | 7.0 (19.4) | 0.61* |
Legend: SF-36: Short Form 36. NASS: North American Spine Society cervical spine self-assessment instrument. HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. CSQ: Coping Strategies Questionnaire. Norm: population based normative values. Mean: arithmetic mean. SD: Standard deviation. ES: Effect size. h/w: hours/week. *Significant effects (p < 0.050, Wilcoxon test).