TABLE 2.
Reviews of articles by predefined categories: data quality, study design and data source, causal inference from the climate change knowledge base for food- and waterborne diseases, 1998–2009
| Reviews | Campylobacter | Salmonella | Listeria | Vibrio | Cryptosporidium | Norovirus |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Data quality | ||||||
| High | 81 | 65 | 17 | 16 | 27 | 48 |
| Moderate | 85 | 98 | 34 | 33 | 53 | 33 |
| Low | 2 | 7 | 3 | 6 | 7 | 3 |
| Very low | __ | 1 | __ | __ | __ | 1 |
| Not classified | 4 | 20 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 9 |
| Study design | ||||||
| Meta-analyses | 19 | 8 | 2 | 3 | 11 | 15 |
| Review | 40 | 40 | 11 | 22 | 36 | 8 |
| Randomized controlled trial | 2 | 1 | __ | __ | 2 | 2 |
| Nonrandomized intervention study | __ | __ | __ | 1 | __ | __ |
| Cohort study | 9 | 6 | 1 | __ | 1 | 6 |
| Case-control study | 11 | 14 | 2 | __ | 3 | 2 |
| Cross-sectional (survey) | 3 | 2 | 1 | __ | 1 | 4 |
| Ecological study | 13 | 10 | 1 | 10 | 2 | 2 |
| Case study | 31 | 15 | 2 | 4 | 12 | 11 |
| Expert opinion | __ | 2 | __ | 1 | __ | 1 |
| In vivo experiment | 10 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| In vitro experiment | 4 | 14 | 18 | __ | 3 | 1 |
| Molecular evidence | 2 | 1 | 2 | __ | 2 | 9 |
| Outbreak | 11 | 21 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 6 |
| Data source | __ | __ | __ | __ | __ | 4 |
| Other | 15 | 24 | 10 | 15 | 7 | 11 |
| Not classified | 2 | 20 | 2 | __ | 4 | 9 |
| Casual inference | ||||||
| Direct | 84 | 56 | 16 | 22 | 22 | 40 |
| Moderate | 57 | 58 | 10 | 19 | 39 | 31 |
| Indirect | 29 | 57 | 28 | 17 | 26 | 15 |
| Not classified | 2 | 20 | 2 | __ | 3 | 8 |
Note. The numbers represent reviews conducted by independent reviewers and not the number of peer reviewed articles; categories may overlap (e.g., multiple pathogens per study).