Table 5.
Standardized (zero-centered) utilities value means and standard deviations
| Segment | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Virtual | Conventional | Low interest | |||||||
| Attribute | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | F | Dunnett's C | η2 |
| Self-assessment | |||||||||
| Does not help me see if I have anxiety or depression | -75.0 | 19.6 | -78.3 | 18.7 | -45.9 | 35.9 | 164.6∗∗∗ | L > C, V | 0.2 |
| Lists the symptoms of anxiety or depression | 3.3 | 16.4 | 6.6 | 16.2 | 10.1 | 26.4 | 9.6∗∗∗ | C, L > V | 0.0 |
| Has a checklist to see if I have anxiety or depression | 18.9 | 15.7 | 22.8 | 14.9 | 16.1 | 25.4 | 10.3∗∗∗ | C > L, V | 0.0 |
| Has a checklist to see if I have anxiety or depression & lets me track these feelings over time | 52.8 | 18.4 | 48.9 | 18.0 | 19.7 | 32.6 | 199.4∗∗∗ | V > C > L | 0.3 |
| Help locating services | |||||||||
| Does not help me find help with anxiety or depression | -79.5 | 15.5 | -77.9 | 17.2 | -49.1 | 33.1 | 186.9∗∗∗ | L > C, V | 0.3 |
| Lists places that could help with anxiety or depression | 20.2 | 17.6 | 14.8 | 15.8 | 12.5 | 24.4 | 13.3∗∗∗ | V > C, L | 0.0 |
| Connects me to a place that could help with anxiety or depression | 25.6 | 14.3 | 31.1 | 13.3 | 16.4 | 21.8 | 68.1∗∗∗ | C > V > L | 0.1 |
| Connects me to a person who could help with anxiety or depression | 33.7 | 19.9 | 32.0 | 19.5 | 20.2 | 31.5 | 32.8∗∗∗ | C, V > L | 0.1 |
| Self-help skills | |||||||||
| Does not teach skills to help with anxiety or depression | -65.1 | 17.4 | -63.7 | 17.9 | -39.9 | 31.7 | 129.9∗∗∗ | L > C, V | 0.2 |
| Written tasks teach skills to help with anxiety or depression | 15.9 | 20.3 | 18.2 | 18.3 | 16.5 | 27.7 | 0.9 | 0.0 | |
| Videos teach skills to help with anxiety or depression | 15.3 | 25.1 | 17.9 | 24.6 | 15.3 | 34.2 | 0.9 | 0.0 | |
| Videos, written tasks, & practice teach skills to help with anxiety or depression | 33.9 | 16.7 | 27.5 | 17.7 | 8.1 | 30.6 | 122.8∗∗∗ | V > C > L | 0.2 |
| Source of supporting evidence | |||||||||
| We do not know if this option is helpful | -64.0 | 16.1 | -57.9 | 18.8 | -34.7 | 30.2 | 164.8∗∗∗ | L > C > V | 0.2 |
| Young adults who have experienced anxiety or depression say this option is helpful | 38.0 | 19.0 | 16.7 | 20.3 | 16.5 | 31.6 | 78.9∗∗∗ | V > C, L | 0.1 |
| Mental health professionals say this option is helpful | 17.9 | 19.3 | 32.3 | 17.2 | 6.2 | 30.5 | 109.4∗∗∗ | C > V > L | 0.2 |
| Research says this option is helpful | 8.1 | 18.0 | 8.9 | 18.1 | 12.1 | 29.7 | 3.1∗ | 0.0 | |
| Treatment information (tells about) | |||||||||
| Anxiety or depression (e.g. causes, how common) | -2.2 | 18.3 | -8.1 | 16.6 | -6.8 | 29.2 | 5.8∗∗ | V > C, L | 0.0 |
| Alternative ways to reduce anxiety or depression (e.g. diet, exercise) | 37.8 | 21.9 | 39.8 | 22.0 | 31.7 | 33.0 | 9.3∗∗∗ | C, V > L | 0.0 |
| Psychological ways to reduce anxiety or depression | 17.3 | 22.6 | 18.6 | 18.8 | 11.9 | 32.8 | 7.0∗∗ | C, V > L | 0.0 |
| Medications for anxiety or depression | -52.9 | 22.3 | -50.3 | 24.0 | -36.8 | 40.5 | 28.9∗∗∗ | L > C, V | 0.1 |
| Internet social networking | |||||||||
| No Internet social networking options | -52.1 | 16.9 | -26.9 | 22.1 | -37.9 | 32.2 | 76.0∗∗∗ | C > L > V | 0.1 |
| Has an unsupervised Internet site where young adults talk about anxiety or depression | -37.0 | 23.4 | -56.3 | 21.5 | -25.7 | 38.7 | 95.3∗∗∗ | L > V > C | 0.2 |
| Has a professionally supervised Internet site where young adults talk about anxiety or depression | 34.4 | 18.9 | 33.4 | 18.7 | 27.0 | 28.6 | 11.4∗∗∗ | C, V > L | 0.0 |
| Has an Internet site where professionals answer questions from young adults about anxiety or depression | 54.7 | 19.0 | 49.8 | 19.8 | 36.6 | 31.9 | 52.0∗∗∗ | V > C > L | 0.1 |
| Recommendation (by) | |||||||||
| No recommendation | -56.3 | 20.7 | -55.1 | 20.0 | -44.0 | 34.6 | 24.0∗∗∗ | L > C, V | 0.0 |
| A friend | -1.6 | 21.7 | -15.8 | 20.7 | -1.3 | 32.2 | 33.7∗∗∗ | L, V > C | 0.1 |
| Young adult who has experienced anxiety or depression | 38.8 | 22.9 | 10.4 | 22.7 | 19.7 | 34.2 | 83.5∗∗∗ | V > L > C | 0.1 |
| A doctor | 19.0 | 23.7 | 60.5 | 20.2 | 25.7 | 37.9 | 185.2∗∗∗ | C > L > V | 0.3 |
| Level of anonymity | |||||||||
| I use this option anonymously | 43.2 | 27.4 | 44.8 | 27.5 | 65.5 | 36.6 | 60.1∗∗∗ | L > C, V | 0.1 |
| I give my e-mail | 4.2 | 20.9 | -6.8 | 19.1 | -9.3 | 30.2 | 28.9∗∗∗ | V > C, L | 0.1 |
| I give my name | -24.2 | 20.7 | -15.8 | 22.4 | -18.2 | 32.5 | 8.3∗∗∗ | C, L > V | 0.0 |
| I give my name & e-mail | -23.2 | 23.5 | -22.3 | 24.1 | -37.9 | 32.5 | 39.9∗∗∗ | C, V > L | 0.1 |
| Time demand | |||||||||
| Takes 10 minutes of my time | 25.1 | 26.7 | 4.4 | 25.7 | 45.6 | 39.4 | 152.3∗∗∗ | L > V > C | 0.2 |
| Takes 30 minutes of my time | 23.3 | 17.9 | 16.7 | 18.1 | 28.6 | 25.7 | 28.4∗∗∗ | L > V > C | 0.1 |
| Takes 50 minutes of my time | -5.2 | 20.8 | 0.7 | 20.5 | -22.8 | 30.9 | 89.9∗∗∗ | C > V > L | 0.1 |
| Takes 70 minutes of my time | -43.2 | 20.9 | -21.8 | 21.6 | -51.5 | 31.8 | 122.5∗∗∗ | C > V > L | 0.2 |
| Information format | |||||||||
| Includes a pamphlet or book | 7.9 | 25.0 | 28.9 | 25.5 | 28.5 | 38.8 | 47.2∗∗∗ | C, L > V | 0.1 |
| Includes phone text messages | -36.1 | 26.0 | -52.7 | 21.0 | -42.4 | 37.6 | 24.5∗∗∗ | V > L > C | 0.0 |
| Includes a video/DVD | 1.9 | 25.1 | 6.3 | 24.0 | -18.2 | 34.6 | 78.1∗∗∗ | C, V > L | 0.1 |
| Includes the Internet | 26.2 | 19.8 | 17.5 | 19.9 | 32.2 | 31.0 | 31.8∗∗∗ | L > V > C | 0.1 |
| Advertising channel | |||||||||
| Not advertised | -14.6 | 26.1 | 1.7 | 26.6 | -0.3 | 40.5 | 23.3∗∗∗ | C, L > V | 0.0 |
| Television & radio | 4.3 | 23.1 | 21.5 | 23.4 | 20.4 | 34.4 | 37.6∗∗∗ | C, L > V | 0.1 |
| Posters, newspapers & billboards | 7.4 | 21.5 | 20.5 | 18.6 | 9.6 | 29.5 | 27.0∗∗∗ | C > L, V | 0.0 |
| Sites like Google, Facebook, or Twitter | 2.9 | 35.2 | -43.7 | 27.1 | -29.7 | 51.4 | 108.0∗∗∗ | V > L > C | 0.2 |
| Information utilization support | |||||||||
| I use this alone | 5.3 | 28.1 | -24.5 | 24.5 | 7.2 | 40.4 | 99.7∗∗∗ | L, V > C | 0.2 |
| I use this with help from a friend or family member | -4.8 | 22.0 | -18.1 | 21.5 | -0.9 | 32.0 | 41.0∗∗∗ | L, V > C | 0.1 |
| I use this with help from a family doctor | 1.5 | 22.1 | 28.2 | 20.6 | -0.3 | 33.4 | 120.0∗∗∗ | C > L, V | 0.2 |
| I use this with help from a mental health worker | -2.0 | 25.1 | 14.4 | 25.2 | -5.9 | 38.1 | 42.0∗∗∗ | C > L, V | 0.1 |
| Informed and confident | |||||||||
| Does not change how informed & confident I feel | -77.9 | 15.6 | -67.8 | 22.1 | -33.1 | 37.2 | 268.1∗∗∗ | L > C > V | 0.3 |
| Helps me feel more informed | 20.2 | 15.2 | 17.5 | 15.4 | 18.5 | 21.8 | 1.8 | 0.0 | |
| Helps me feel more confident | 20.5 | 17.2 | 12.5 | 19.0 | -6.2 | 28.9 | 132.9∗∗∗ | V > C > L | 0.2 |
| Helps me feel more informed & confident | 37.1 | 15.9 | 37.8 | 16.3 | 20.8 | 26.5 | 81.8∗∗∗ | C, V > L | 0.1 |
| Symptom reduction | |||||||||
| Does not effect my feelings of anxiety or depression | -62.0 | 19.0 | -56.2 | 18.5 | -21.4 | 36.0 | 250.5∗∗∗ | L > C > V | 0.3 |
| Helps me feel less anxious | 9.2 | 17.3 | 9.0 | 15.8 | 1.0 | 28.3 | 17.1∗∗∗ | C, V > L | 0.0 |
| Helps me feel less depressed | 12.4 | 15.5 | 6.1 | 15.9 | 4.5 | 25.5 | 14.6∗∗∗ | V > C, L | 0.1 |
| Helps me feel less anxious & depressed | 40.3 | 15.0 | 41.1 | 15.1 | 15.9 | 24.4 | 211.1∗∗∗ | C, V > L | 0.1 |
| Reduction in isolation | |||||||||
| Does not effect how alone I feel | -56.5 | 17.7 | -52.3 | 17.4 | -22.2 | 32.8 | 216.3∗∗∗ | L > C > V | 0.0 |
| Helps me feel somewhat less alone | 3.5 | 14.9 | -4.4 | 14.7 | -0.2 | 24.8 | 12.8∗∗∗ | V > L > C | 0.1 |
| Helps me feel less alone | 18.1 | 17.0 | 25.3 | 16.3 | 12.6 | 25.7 | 34.4∗∗∗ | C > V > L | 0.2 |
| Helps me feel much less alone | 34.8 | 17.6 | 31.4 | 17.6 | 9.7 | 26.6 | 150.2∗∗∗ | V > C > L | 0.2 |
Note. For each attribute, the highest attribute level appears in boldface. C = conventional segment; L = low-interest segment; V = virtual segment; η = partial eta2.
∗
p < .05.
∗∗
p < .01.
∗∗∗
p < .001.