Table 1. Archaeological and anthropological samples used in the study.
| Sample ID | Museum# | Group/Culture | Period (years BP) | Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12011 | VI-1 B | Hunter-Gatherer | Mesolithic/para Neolithic (7550 - 5450) | Dudka, Poland |
| 12012 | VI-7 A | Hunter-Gatherer | Mesolithic/para Neolithic (7550 - 5450) | Dudka, Poland |
| 12013 | VI-14 A | Hunter-Gatherer | Mesolithic/para Neolithic (7550 - 5450) | Dudka, Poland |
| 12015 | VI-2 D | Hunter-Gatherer | Mesolithic/para Neolithic (7550 - 5450) | Dudka, Poland |
| 12016 | VI-1 A | Hunter-Gatherer | Mesolithic/para Neolithic (7550 - 5450) | Dudka, Poland |
| 12017 | VI-7 A | Hunter-Gatherer | Mesolithic/para Neolithic (7550 - 5450) | Dudka, Poland |
| 8215 | HK2000:4083a, 613.1 | LBK | Neolithic (7400 – 6725) | Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany |
| 8240 | HK2000:4228a, 861 | LBK | Neolithic (7400 – 6725) | Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany |
| 8247 | HK2000:4233a, 870 | LBK | Neolithic (7400 – 6725) | Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany |
| 8275 | HK2000:7374a, 1324 | LBK | Neolithic (7400 – 6725) | Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany |
| 8277 | HK2000:4014b, 413.1 | LBK | Neolithic (7400 – 6725) | Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany |
| 4331 | HK2004:9463a, 6255.1 | Bell Beaker | Neolithic (4450 - 4000) | Quedlinburg XII, Germany |
| 9436 | HK, 43 | LN/BA | LN/BA (4150 – 3600) | Benzingerode-Heimburg, Germany |
| 8890 | T82GF | Bronze Age | Bronze Age | Yorkshire, England |
| 8891 | 14Barrow 163 | Bronze Age | Bronze Age | Yorkshire, England |
| 8894 | T98 | Bronze Age | Bronze Age | Yorkshire, England |
| 8326 | 2095 | Jewbury | Late Medieval (750 - 650) | York, England |
| 8330 | 2106 | Jewbury | Late Medieval (750 - 650) | York, England |
| 8332 | 4440 | Jewbury | Late Medieval (750 - 650) | York, England |
| 8477 | 2357 | Jewbury | Late Medieval (750 - 650) | York, England |
| 8482 | 2654 | Jewbury | Late Medieval (750 - 650) | York, England |
| 8814 | 4161 | Jewbury | Late Medieval (750 - 650) | York, England |
| 8863 | 4485 | Jewbury | Late Medieval (750 - 650) | York, England |
| 8333 | R5287 | Raunds Furnells | Early Medieval (1100 – 850) | Northamptonshire, England |
| 8335 | R5252 | Raunds Furnells | Early Medieval (1100 – 850) | Northamptonshire, England |
| 8337 | R5136 | Raunds Furnells | Early Medieval (1100 – 850) | Northamptonshire, England |
| 8341 | R5206 | Raunds Furnells | Early Medieval (1100 – 850) | Northamptonshire, England |
| 8868 | R5157 | Raunds Furnells | Early Medieval (1100 – 850) | Northamptonshire, England |
| 8869 | R5229 | Raunds Furnells | Early Medieval (1100 – 850) | Northamptonshire, England |
| 8873 | 5228 | StHW | Late Medieval (1000 - 400) | York, England |
| 8874 | 5241 | StHW | Late Medieval (1000 - 400) | York, England |
| 8877 | 5113 | StHW | Late Medieval (1000 - 400) | York, England |
| 8878 | 5203 | StHW | Late Medieval (1000 - 400) | York, England |
| 8883 | 5244 | StHW | Late Medieval (1000 - 400) | York, England |
| 1 | NA | European Descent | 0 | Adelaide, Australia |
| 2 | NA | European Descent | 0 | Adelaide, Australia |
| 3 | NA | European Descent | 0 | Adelaide, Australia |
| 4 | NA | European Descent | 0 | Adelaide, Australia |
| 5 | NA | European Descent | 0 | Adelaide, Australia |
| 6 | NA | European Descent | 0 | Adelaide, Australia |
| 7 | NA | European Descent | 0 | Adelaide, Australia |
| 8 | NA | European Descent | 0 | Adelaide, Australia |
| 9 | NA | European Descent | 0 | Adelaide, Australia |
| 10 | NA | European Descent | 0 | Adelaide, Australia |
Abbreviations: LBK - Linear Pottery Culture; LN/BA - Late Neolithic/early Bronze Age; StHW - St. Helen-on-the-Walls. Mesolithic/para-Neolithic is the terminology used for the transitional cultures of the forest zone of Eastern Europe. See Supplementary Table 1 for further information about the ancient calculus, and modern plaque and calculus samples.