Table 1.
ML GMYC results for single (ST) and multiple (MT) thresholds models across (a) empirical, (b) complete and (c) jackknifed trees. Significance compared to the null model is determined with a likelihood ratio test with 2 d.f. and denoted by asterisks. For comparisons across multiple trees, asterisks denote median significance. Ranges reported for analyses across multiple trees denote median and 95% confidence interval. Lh, maximum likelihood; Ma, Mega annum. **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001.
| ST |
MT |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dataset | Lh (null) | Lh | hESUs | threshold (Ma) | Lh | hESUs | mean threshold (Ma) | lower threshold | upper threshold |
| (a) empirical trees | |||||||||
| Carnivora (82.5%) | 319.46 | 326.05*** | 19 | 19.0 | 328.17*** | 22 | 14.6 | 4.1 | 20.4 |
| Euungulata (87.3%) | 475.90 | 487.52*** | 18 | 20.5 | 491.87*** | 29 | 11.6 | 3.98 | 26.1 |
| Lagomorpha (77.2%) | 42.89 | 48.76** | 5 | 11.8 | 49.35** | 9 | 5.53 | 0.23 | 11.5 |
| Mammalia (46%) | 8279.6 | 8305.6*** | 100 | 40.4 | 8379.0*** | 224 | 17.0 | 5.84 | 37.9 |
| (b) completely sampled trees | |||||||||
| Carnivora (100%) | 472.4 (467.6–477.8) | 477.5 (473.4–481.5)** | 18 (18–19) | 19.5 (19.0–19.5) | 480.0 (475.7–483.6)*** | 22 (21–47.5) | 14.3 (8.19–14.6) | 6.40 (0.88–6.42) | 29.4 (17.3–29.6) |
| Euungulata (100%) | 623.3 (619.3–628.0) | 634.0 (630.8–637.6)*** | 12 (12–18) | 26.6 (20.5–26.6) | 636.3 (633.8–639.7)*** | 20 (16–21) | 13.6 (10.9–14.7) | 4.23 (1.29–4.30) | 28.0 (24.6–28.9) |
| Lagomorpha (100%) | 92.1 (88.4–95.3) | 97.4 (95.0–99.4)** | 5 (3–11) | 11.8 (9.5–13.4) | 97.8 (95.8–101.1)** | 10 (4–15.5) | 7.17 (5.38–10.1) | 4.31 (0.33–6.81) | 11.5 (11.3–14.6) |
| (c) jackknifed trees | |||||||||
| Carnivora (70%) | 225.0 (219.6–231.1) | 231.2 (226.5–238.2)** | 19 (17–26) | 19.0 (15.0–19.5) | 234.3 (228.7–242.3)*** | 23 (20–45.5) | 13.6 (9.73–15.0) | 6.16 (1.32–8.23) | 28.4 (16.2–30.2) |
| Carnivora (60%) | 154.6 (149.2–161.3) | 160.5 (155.0–167.9)** | 20 (17–27.5) | 17.3 (13.4–19.5) | 163.7 (158.9–171.4)*** | 37 (20–43) | 11.7 (10.0–14.8) | 5.87 (1.62–8.58) | 18.6 (16.3–30.1) |
| Carnivora (50%) | 94.9 (88.5–101.7) | 99.6 (94.0–107.8)** | 19 (16–26) | 17.4 (14.0–19.5) | 102.3 (97.3–110.7)*** | 31.5 (19.5–43) | 12.4 (10.0–14.8) | 5.89 (1.53–10.2) | 19.2 (16.2–30.7) |
| Euungulata (70%) | 305.6 (299.3–312.8) | 316.5 (310.6–324.1)*** | 17 (12–28) | 20.5 (15.3–26.6) | 321.3 (314.4–328.5)*** | 28 (19–37.5) | 11.6 (10.0–15.5) | 4.16 (0.97–4.89) | 23.4 (19.1–27.9) |
| Euungulata (60%) | 218.8 (210.6–228.8) | 230.1 (221.5–242.4)*** | 17 (10.5–28) | 20.5 (15.3–28.3) | 234.6 (226.2–246.5)*** | 27 (19–37.5) | 11.7 (10.1–15.5) | 4.11 (0.66–5.72) | 21.2 (18.4–27.8) |
| Euungulata (50%) | 138.0 (132.1–145.0) | 148.5 (141.4–158.3)*** | 16 (11.5–26) | 20.5 (15.1–25.9) | 152.9 (145.8–162.2)*** | 26 (17–37.5) | 12.2 (10.5–16.8) | 4.10 (0.21–9.37) | 20.5 (18.5–28.0) |
| Lagomorpha (60%) | 14.7 (11.5–19.3) | 19.8 (18.1–24.6)** | 5 (2–8.1) | 11.8 (10.4–15.2) | 20.6 (18.3–25.5)** | 6 (3–10) | 8.50 (6.23–11.4) | 5.28 (1.72–8.99) | 11.8 (11.4–14.8) |
| Lagomorpha (50%) | 2.47 (0.73–6.30) | 6.76 (4.61–10.9)** | 4 (2–5) | 11.8 (11.6–15.2) | 8.03 (5.00–11.2)** | 6 (2–9.5) | 8.50 (6.44–13.5) | 5.21 (1.75–11.9) | 11.8 (11.4–15.1) |