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Signalling pathways involved in myeloma pathogenesis. The various pathways involved in myeloma pathogenesis may be stimulated via exogenous factors, such as Wnt proteins, myeloma-stromal interactions, cytokines, growth and survival factors, and myeloma-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, or the pathways may be aberrantly activated endogenously through genetic abnormalities such as activating mutations in RAS, RAF, and NF-κB genes.
