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Structural and mechanical properties of cortical and trabecular bone.
| Bone type—Loading | Porosity* (%) |
Density (g/cm3) |
Volume fraction¶ (mm3/mm3) |
Surface/bone volume¶ (mm2/mm3) |
Young’s modulus¥ (GPa) |
Tensile strength¥ (MPa) |
Compressive strength¥ (MPa) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cortical—Longitudinal | 5–10 | 1.99† | 0.85–0.95 | 2.5 | 17–20¥ | 79–151¥ | 131–224¥ |
| Cortical—Transverse | 6–13¥ | 51–56¥ | 106–133¥ | ||||
| Cancellous—Longitudinal | 75–90 | 0.05–1.0‡ | 0.05–0.60 | 20 | 20§ | 2–5 | |
| Cancellous—Transverse | 14.7§ |
