Table II.
Natural polymer used for scaffold fabrication and their properties.
| Natural polymer | Study | Porosity (%) | Pore size (μm) | Compressive stress (MPa) (CS), Work-of-fracture (J/m2) (WOF), Flexural strength (MPa) (FS), Matrix stiffness (Pa) (MS) | Tangent modulus (kPa) (TM), Elastic modulus (Pa) (EM), Compressive modulus (kPa) (CM), Linear modulus (kPa) (LM), Modulus of resilience (kPa) (MR), Shear modulus (Pa) (SM) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gelatin/chitooligosaccharide | In vitro/in vivo | 70–105 | [300] | |||
| Collagen | In vitro/in vivo | 296.5 ± 107.5 to (0 to 5)% strain-TM 74.5 ± 18.4-MR | [254] | |||
| Chitosan | In vivo | 85 ± 2 | 70–900 | [301] | ||
| Chitosan/collagen/beta-glycerophosphate (β-GP) | In vitro | 3–4 | 3 times more stiffer than pure chitosan to (0–8)% strain-LM | [302] | ||
| Silk fibroin | In vitro | (lamellar) 250–500 (spherical) 500–1000 | [303] | |||
| Silk fibroin | In vitro/in vivo | 85 ± 5 | 10–250 | 25.69 ± 1.61-CM | [304] | |
| Alginate/CPC/hUCMSC | In vitro | 4-FS > 400-WOF | 0.7 GPa-EM | [305] | ||
| Alginate | In vitro | ~ 200 | [306] | |||
| Hyaluronic acid | In vitro | 21-CM | [307] | |||
| Hyaluronic acid | In vitro/in vivo | 2520 ± 30–2600 ± 30-EM | [308] | |||
| RAD16-I BD™ (PuraMatrix) | In vitro | 100-MS | 9500-SM | [309] | ||
| Chitosan/RGD peptides | In vitro | 110–149 | 9.81 ± 0.738-CS | [310] |