. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Apr 23.

Published in final edited form as: J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2014 Jan;14(1):15–56. doi: 10.1166/jnn.2014.9127

Table IX.

Metal/ceramic composites used for scaffold fabrication and their properties.

Metal/ceramic	Study	Porosity (%)	Pore size (μm)	Compressive strength (CST), Yield stress (YS) (MPa)	Compressive modulus (CM), Young’s modulus (YM) (GPa)	Ref.
SiO₂/CaO/Na₂O/MgO/B₂O₃			110–550	(0.6–1)-CST		[202]
SiO₂/CaO/Na₂O/MgO/B₂O₃			Average pore size 325	(0.6–1)-CST		[202]
Niobium/fluorapatite	In vitro	Macroporous structure				[325]
Ti-HA	In vitro					[244]
TiO₂	In vitro/in vivo	91		> 1.2-CST		[191]
ZrO₂–CP/PCL	In vitro	78 vol		12.7-CST		[237]
K/Sr–CPP(calcium polyphosphate)	In vitro	40		1.51 ± 0.47–2.40 ± 0.27-CST		[241]
ZrO2/HAp	In vitro/in vivo	72–91		2.5 to 13.8-CST		[225]
Porous cobalt-containing mesopore-Bioglass (Co-MBG)	In vitro		Macroporous 300–500 mesoporous 0.0045–0.005			[234]
Copper (Cu)-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG)			Macroporous 300–500 mesopores 0.0038–0.0052			[243]
β-TCP/Mg	In vitro	42 y 50	500	8–12-CST	0.3–0.6–CM	[230]
β-TCP/Mg	In vitro	42 y 50	500	90.72-YS	15.41-YM	[230]
Sr/calcium polyphosphate (CPP)	In vitro	Irregular porosity				[239]