Table 2.
Typology of Norms
Social norms | Enforced by positive sanction for compliance (e.g., acceptance, esteem, approval) or negative sanctions for noncompliance (e.g., avoidance, shame, ostracism) |
Religious norms | Enforced by belief in commandments of God |
Moral norms | Enforced by emotions evoked by internalized values of right and wrong |
Legal norms | Enforced by government sanctions formally stated in law (fines or imprisonment) |
Adapted from Mackie and LeJeune (2009).