Figure 1.

Divergence along the benthic–limnetic axis in Nicaraguan crater lakes. In western Nicaragua (Central America), several crater lakes have been colonized independently by Midas cichlids from the great lakes (Lake Managua and Lake Nicaragua). Midas cichlids in crater lakes Apoyo and Xiloá have speciated along the benthic-limnetic axis. The schematic drawings indicate high-bodied “benthic” specimens that rather live and forage in the littoral zone, while the slender-bodied “limnetic” individuals explore the open water column. This study focuses on A. tolteca from the small and young crater lake Asososca Managua.