Table 4.

Meta-analysis for odds of meeting criteria for a psychiatric category among persons endorsing a cultural concept of distress

Psychiatric category	Cultural Concept of Distress	Number of studies	Unique participants	Odds ratio	95% CI	Heterogeneity Q (I2)	Sensitivity	Specificity	Positive predictive value	Negative predictive value
Depression	Coraje, dhat, hwa-byung, jham-jham, koro, shenjing shuairuo, nervios-related labels, ode ori, phiền não tâm thần, susto, yadargaa, yo’kwekyawa	20	9032	7.55	6.69—8.52	6.15 (>75%)	0.61	0.78	0.41	0.88
General anxiety	Dhat, fright idioms, hwa-byung, jham-jham, koro, lo âu sợ hãi, shenjing shuairuo, nervios-related labels, ode-ori, worry attacks, yadargaa	16	8211	5.06	4.48—5.70	8.70 (>75%)	0.58	0.88	0.48	0.85
Panic	Dhat, nervios-related labels, trúng gió	9	6158	4.48	3.77—5.32	2.43 (>75%)	0.30	0.91	0.37	0.89
PTSD	Fright idioms, nervios-related labels, trúng gió, worry attacks	4	1246	10.10	7.51—13.57	0.10 (>75%)	0.58	0.88	0.64	0.85
All anxiety	Dhat, fright idioms, hwa-byung, jham-jham, koro, lo âu sợ hãi, shenjing shuairuo, nervios-related labels, ode-ori, worry attacks, taein kong po, taijin kyofu sho, trúng gió, yadargaa	22	9731	6.12	5.49—6.83	13.75 (>75%)	0.50	0.86	0.53	0.85
General psychological distress	Dhat, jham-jham, kufungisisa, kusuwisia, mental problem, nervios-related labels, spiritual problems, tension	9	6658	5.39	4.71—6.17	7.41 (8%)	0.50	0.88	0.54	0.87
Somatoform disorders	Dhat, shenjing shuairuo, nervios-related labels, xáo trộn tâm thần và thế xác, yadargaa	7	3268	2.68	2.18—3.28	0.67 (>75%)	0.37	0.82	0.28	0.87