Table 2. Clinical findings and viremia for NHPs challenged with MARV.

Animal	Vaccine	Symptoms Observed Between Day 0 and 28 after MARV challengea	Clinical Scorec	Serum Viremiad	Final Outcome
C050960	None	Moderate rash (9–11), Anorexia (7–11), Depression (7–11) Mild rectorrhagia (10), Lymphopenia (6), ALP→→ → (10), AST→(6), AST→→→ (10), BUN→ (10), GGT→→ (10)	1 (7), 1 (8), 1 (9), 4 (10), 15 (11)	6.1/+++ (6) 6.8/+++ (10)	Died on Day 11
C061226	None	Moderate rash (8–10), Anorexia (7–10), Depression (7–10), Rectorrhagia (10), Lymphopenia (6), ALP→→→ (10), AST→→ (6), AST→→→ (10), BUN→ (10), GGT→→ (10)	1 (7), 1 (8), 3 (9), 10 (10)	6.9/+++ (6) 7.3/+++ (10)	Died on Day 10
10–230	rVSV-MARV-GP	Øb	Ø	0/−	Survived
119–177	rVSV-MARV-GP	Ø	Ø	0/−	Survived
0406033	rVSV-MARV-GP	Ø	Ø	0/−	Survived
0401043	rVSV-MARV-GP	Ø	Ø	0/−	Survived
0410077	rVSV-MARV-GP	Ø	Ø	0/−	Survived
0212131	rVSV-MARV-GP	Ø	Ø	0/−	Survived

^aDays after MARV challenge are in parentheses. Fever is defined as a temperature more than 2.5^OF over baseline or at least 1.5^OF over baseline and ≥103.5^OF. Moderate rash refers to petechiae coverage of more than 20% of the skin. Lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia are defined by a ≥35% drop in numbers of lymphocytes and platelets, respectively. (ALP) alkaline phosphatase, (AST) aspartate aminotransferase, (BUN) blood urea nitrogen, (GGT) gamma glutamyltransferase: 2- to 3-fold increase,→; 4- to 5-fold increase, →→; >5 fold increase, →→→.

^bNo symptoms observed.

^cClinical scores in bold type with day of score in parentheses. Clinical scores were recorded each day post-challenge for each animal using a scoring system based on dyspnea, depression, recumbency, and rash. A clinical score ≥9 was the criteria for euthanasia per IACUC protocol.

^dDays after MARV challenge are in parentheses. Viral load for each MARV positive day is depicted as: log₁₀ PFU/ml/qRT-PCR positive (+) or negative (−). +, ≤5 log₁₀; ++, ≥6 log₁₀; +++, ≥7 log_10.