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. 2014 Apr 6;2014:983401. doi: 10.1155/2014/983401

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Effects of BHBA on LPS-induced the gene expression and protein secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in BV-2 cells. Cells were pretreated with BHBA (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mM) 1 h prior to incubation of LPS (1 μg/mL) for 4 h (mRNA) or 24 h (protein). Proteins and mRNA of TNF-α ((a), (b)), IL-1β ((c), (d)), and IL-6 ((e), (f)) were determined by ELISA and quantitative real-time PCR as described in Section 2. The relative mRNA level was normalized to β-actin mRNA. Results are expressed as mean ± SD for each group from three independent experiments. #Significantly different when compared with control alone, P < 0.05. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 versus the BHBA-untreated LPS-stimulated group.