Table 2.

Contraindications to VA ECMO.

Absolute contraindications
Uncontrolled, active bleeding or other contraindication to  anticoagulation
End-stage, irreversible processes from which patient is not  expected to recover (unless transplant candidate)
(i) Cardiac disease
(ii) Respiratory disease
(iii) Neurologic disease
Poor preexisting functional status or multisystem organ failure
Unwitnessed cardiac arrest or prolonged cardiopulmonary  resuscitation (>60 min)
Aortic dissection
Severe aortic valve regurgitation
Other considerations
Advanced age
Renal or liver failure
Active malignancy
Morbid obesity
Significant peripheral vascular disease
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia