Table 1.

Characteristics of mothers enrolled in the study according to case and control group.

Characteristic	Case (n= 101)	Control (n=101)	P-value*, case vs control
Mean Age (years) ± s.e.*	27.3 ± 0.54	28.7 ± 0.48	0.17
Child’s birthweight (g) ± s.e.	2570 ± 21.00	3186 ± 30.19	0.001
Post- pregnancy maternal BMI ± s.e.	22.3 ± 0.17	23.6 ± 0.39	0.01
Gestational age (weeks) ± s.e.	38.9 ± 0.11	39.1 ± 0.10	0.31
% Parity: >=3 children	25	19	0.32
%Low education	47	38	0.36
% prior Miscarriage	19	14	0.62
% Current Smoker	3	6	0.15
%Drink alcohol	36	60	0.001
% Without partner	15	13	0.68
% With chimney	32	26	0.35
% with windows	66	62	0.58
Residence area
%Urban	70	65
%Rural	30	35	0.55
Biofuel Use in the last pregnancy
%Gas	30	39
%Biofuel	43	32
%Gas+Biofuel	27	29	0.24
Method to revive the fire
%Not applicable (gas)	31	37
%Tube	32	35
%Directly	38	28	0.32
Form of cooking:
%Standing up	54	55	0.90
%Sitting/squatting	46	45	0.90

^*MacNemar Test for categorical variables with two categories, chi-square test for categorical variables with three categories, and t-Test for continuous variables