Table 5.
Inhibitory effects of the compounds identified by lag-phase, Glu CR and EtOH PR models, tested using Bioscreen C Analyzer
|
Reference medium (MM with 20 g/l glucose) |
|
|
|
LP |
GR |
OD |
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
|
|
7 h |
0.105 |
1.2 |
|
|
|
||
| Compounds | Structure |
0.2 g/l |
0.5 g/l |
1.0 g/l |
||||||
| LP | GR | OD | LP | GR | OD | LP | GR | OD | ||
|
Compounds identified by all 3 phenotype models | ||||||||||
| Furfural |
 |
10 h |
--- |
--- |
15 h |
--- |
--- |
30 h |
No growth |
|
| HMF |
 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
< 20% |
--- |
|
Sorbic acid |
 |
--- |
< 60% |
< 80% |
--- |
< 60% |
< 80% |
No growth |
||
|
Syringaldehyde |
 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
< 60% |
< 80% |
|
Suberic acid |
 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 h |
110% |
110% |
|
Compounds identified by lag-phase model | ||||||||||
|
Benzoic acid |
 |
--- |
< 60% |
< 80% |
--- |
< 40% |
< 80% |
--- |
< 40% |
< 60% |
|
Compounds identified by Glu CR and EtOH PR models | ||||||||||
|
Phenylacet aldehyde |
 |
20 h |
< 80% |
--- |
No growth |
No growth |
||||
| Vanillin |
 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
11 h |
< 80% |
--- |
30 h |
No growth |
|
|
4-hydroxybenzaldehyde |
 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
9.5 h |
< 80% |
--- |
11 h |
< 60% |
< 80% |
| Dihydroxy benzene |
 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
< 80% |
--- |
|
Conifer aldehyde |
 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
23 h |
--- |
--- |
No growth |
||
|
Compounds identified by Glu CR model | ||||||||||
|
Ferulic acid |
 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
< 40% |
< 80% |
|
Benzaldehyde |
 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
9.5 h |
< 80% |
--- |
13.5 h |
< 80% |
< 80% |
|
Compounds identified by EtOH PR model | ||||||||||
|
Salicylic acid |
 |
--- |
< 80% |
< 80% |
--- |
< 60% |
< 80% |
--- |
< 60% |
< 60% |
| No effect | ||||||||||
| 2-furoic acid |
 |
Pantolactone |
 |
Levulinic acid |
 |
|||||
| Furfuryl alcohol |
 |
2-furanmethanol acetate |
 |
HMF alcohol |
 |
|||||
|
P-coumaric acid |
 |
Homovanillic acid |
 |
HMF acid |
 |
|||||
| 3-phenyllactic acid |
 |
4-hydroxybenzoic acid |
 |
Vanillic acid |
 |
|||||
| Not tested | ||||||||||
| 4-Hydroxyphenylaldehyde | Phloretic acid | 5-HMF methyl keton | ||||||||
LP: lag-phase: time needed to reach 2% (ODmax-ODmin) (h), GR: growth rate: the slope of the linear part of the OD curve (OD/h), OD: final OD. Values with% are relative growth rate and final OD compared to that in reference medium. ‘---’: no effect compared to reference medium.
The compounds indicated in ‘italic’ were originally identified by their (converted and less toxic) alcohol forms; the compounds indicated in ‘bold’ were saturated when 1 g/l solutions were prepared at the fermentation temperature, in these cases, besides the saturated solution, a 2- and 5- fold dilution was used, represented in the 0.5 and 0.2 g/l columns, respectively; the ‘italic effects’ were NOT observed when tested in YPD medium.