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. 2013 Jul;101(1):18–25. doi: 10.5935/abc.20130115

Table 3.

Risk factors for AKI in 321 patients undergoing cardiac surgery, according to different criteria

  AKIN RIFLE KDIGO
Univariate Multivariate Univariate Multivariate Univariate Multivariate
OR (95%CI) OR (95%CI) OR (95%CI) OR (95%CI) OR (95%CI) OR (95%CI)
Age (years) 1.03 (1.01 - 1.05) 1.03 (1.01 - 1.05) 1.04 (1.01 - 1.07) 1.04 (1.02 - 1.07) 1.03 (1.01 - 1.06) 1.03 (1.01 - 1.06)
Men (n, %) 1.06 (0.68 - 1.64) ------ 1.09 (0.59 - 2.04) ------ 1.00 (0.57 - 1.75) ------
BMI (Kg/m2) 0.98 (0.94 - 1.03) ------ 0.99 (0.93 - 1.05) ------ 0.99 (0.94 - 1.05) ------
Diabetes (n, %) 0.88 (0.54 - 1.41) ------ 0.87 (0.44 - 1.72) ------ 1.17 (0.64 -2.12) ------
Previous AMI (n, %) 0.76 (0.47 - 1.22) ------ 0.97 (0.50 - 1.88) ------ 0.94 (0.51 - 1.71) ------
Previous Cardiac 0.91 (0.47 - 1.78) ------ 0.82 (0.30 - 2.21) ------ 1.53 (0.70 - 3.33) ------
Surgery (n, %)
Use of Statins (n, %) 1.04 (0.64 - 1.68) ------ 1.29 (0.64 - 2.62) ------ 1.25 (0.67 - 2.35) ------
Use of Insulin (n, %) 3.04 (1.25 - 7.40) 3.46 (1.36 - 8.83) 2.15 (0.86 - 5.41) ------ 2.79 (1.21 - 6.45) 3.10 (1.28 - 7.51)
Hemoglobin (g/dL) 0.96 (0.88 - 1.04) ------ 0.89 (0.77 - 1.04) ------ 0.90 (0.79 - 1.04) ------
GFR (ml/min) 0.98 (0.98 - 0.99) 0.99 (0.98 - 1.01) 1.01 (0.99 - 1.02) ------ 1.01 (0.99 - 1.02) ------
Type of Surgery (n, %)2
  MR 1 1 1 ------ 1 1
  Valvular Surgery 1.55 (0.98 - 2.45) 1.84 (1.09 - 3.08) 0.87 (0.45 - 1.69) ------ 0.93 (0.51 - 1.69) 0.97 (0.50 - 1.86)
  Combined Surgery 6.62 (2.16 - 20.26) 4.09 (1.20 - 13.94) 2.42 (0.90 - 6.47) ------ 2.67 (1.06 - 6.69) 1.51 (0.48 - 4.70)
Time of ECC (h) 1.66 (1.16 - 2.39) 1.39 (0.92 - 2.10) 1.61 (1.04 - 2.47) 1.76 (1.11 - 2.79) 1.50 (1.01 - 2.24) 1.55 (0.94 - 2.56)
Volume Balance (ml) 1.00 (1.00 - 1.00) ------ 1.00 (1.00 - 1.00) ------ 1.00 (1.00 - 1.00) ------
Low Cardiac 4.11 (1.14 - 14.84) 3.79 (0.98 - 14.69) 4.19 (1.42 - 12.38) 3.67 (1.18- 11.38) 7.16 (2.45 - 20.97) 7.05 (2.28 - 21.78)
Output (n, %)

1 Patients without AKI were used as reference. 2 Type of surgery: Patients underwent myocardial revascularization were used as reference. BMI: Body mass index; AMI: Acute myocardial infarction; GFR: Glomerular filtration rate; MR: Myocardial revascularization; ECC: Extracorporeal Circulation.