. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Apr 24.

Published in final edited form as: J Health Soc Behav. 2013 May 6;54(2):183–203. doi: 10.1177/0022146513485244

Table 2.

Effects of Social Isolation on Mortality by Cause.

	All Cause			Circulatory Diseases			Cancer

	All Ages	40–64 Years	≥65 Years	All Ages	40–64 Years	≥65 Years	All Ages	40–64 Years	≥65 Years
Men
Model 1^a: HR	1.84^***	1.56^*	2.03^***	1.78^***	1.26	2.08^***	1.62^*	1.91^*	1.37
(95% CI)	(1.51–2.25)	(1.08–2.25)	(1.60–2.58)	(1.34–2.37)	(.71–2.21)	(1.51–2.87)	(1.10–2.38)	(1.02–3.60)	(.88–2.14)
Model 2^b: HR	1.53^***	1.19	1.78^***	1.56^**	1.04	1.94^***	1.30	1.31	1.23
(95% CI)	(1.26–1.87)	(.82–1.73)	(1.42–2.23)	(1.16–2.10)	(.58–1.87)	(1.40–2.69)	(.87–1.95)	(.69–2.48)	(.78–1.95)
Women
Model 1^a: HR	1.83^***	1.65^**	1.91^***	1.75^***	1.24	1.91^***	1.08	1.10	1.02
(95% CI)	(1.53–2.19)	(1.14–2.39)	(1.55–2.34)	(1.35–2.29)	(.63–2.43)	(1.43–2.54)	(.70–1.67)	(.57–2.07)	(.58–1.81)
Model 2^b: HR	1.45^***	1.25	1.57^***	1.47^**	1.10	1.64^**	.86	.75	.90
(95% CI)	(1.20–1.75)	(.84–1.87)	(1.27–1.93)	(1.11–1.95)	(.54–2.26)	(1.20–2.22)	(.55–1.34)	(.39–1.47)	(.51–1.61)

Controls for age (for all-ages sample) and race-ethnicity.

Controls for age (for all-ages sample), race-ethnicity, education, family income, smoking, drinking, physical activity, BMI, chronic conditions, and self-rated health.

p < .05,

^**

p < .01, and

^***

p < .001 (two-tailed tests).