Table 5.
Mediating Role of Inflammation Burden Index in the Association between Social Isolation and Mortality in Men.
| All-Cause Mortality | Circulatory Disease Mortality | Cancer Mortality | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HRa (95% CI) | % Changeb (95% CIc) |
χ2 (df) | p | HRa (95% CI) | % Changeb (95% CIc) |
χ2 (df) | p | HRa (95% CI) | % Changeb (95% CIc) |
χ2 (df) | p | |
| All ages | ||||||||||||
| Model 1: age, race-ethnicity | 1.84 (1.51 to 2.25) | 1.78 (1.34 to 2.37) | 1.62 (1.10 to 2.38) | |||||||||
| Model 1 + inflammation vs. Model 1 | 1.69 (1.40 to 2.05) | −14 (−27 to −3) | 89.63 (2) | <.001 | 1.66 (1.26 to 2.19) | −12 (−35 to −2) | 25.85 (2) | <.001 | 1.44 (.97 to 2.15) | −24 (−121 to −3) | 44.04 (2) | <.001 |
| Model 2: Model 1 + controls vs. Model 1 | 1.53 (1.26 to 1.87) | −30 (−53 to −13) | 173.49 (16) | <.001 | 1.56 (1.16 to 2.10) | −23 (−70 to .2) | 106.68 (16) | <.001 | 1.30 (.87 to 1.95) | −46 (−202 to −12) | 42.63 (16) | <.001 |
| Model 2 + inflammation vs. Model 1 | 1.45 (1.18 to 1.77) | −39 (−63 to −21) | 237.66 (18) | <.001 | 1.49 (1.11 to 2.01) | −31 (−81 to −4) | 121.93 (18) | <.001 | 1.21 (.80 to 1.82) | −60 (−255 to −19) | 78.91 (18) | <.001 |
| Model 2 + inflammation vs. Model 2 | −13 (−32 to −1) | 64.17 (2) | <.001 | −10 (−39 to 1) | 15.25 (2) | <.001 | −27 (−578 to 64) | 36.27 (2) | <.001 | |||
| ≥65 years (40−64 years for cancer mortality) | ||||||||||||
| Model 1: age, race-ethnicity | 2.03 (1.60 to 2.58) | 2.08 (1.51 to 2.87) | 1.91 (1.02 to 3.60) | |||||||||
| Model 1 + inflammation vs. Model 1 | 1.88 (1.50 to 2.34) | −11 (−24 to −1) | 48.09 (2) | <.001 | 1.97 (1.44 to 2.71) | −7 (−23 to 3) | 15.23 (2) | <.001 | 1.78 (.94 to 3.38) | −11 (−106 to 19) | 16.38 (2) | <.001 |
| Model 2: Model 1 + controls vs. Model 1 | 1.78 (1.42 to 2.23) | −19 (−40 to −2) | 95.15 (16) | <.001 | 1.94 (1.40 to 2.69) | −10 (−39 to 13) | 62.08 (16) | <.001 | 1.31 (.69 to 2.48) | −58 (−304 to 27) | 39.93 (16) | <.001 |
| Model 2 + inflammation vs. Model 1 | 1.67 (1.33 to 2.09) | −28 (−54 to −10) | 131.66 (18) | <.001 | 1.87 (1.34 to 2.61) | −15 (−49 to 11) | 72.12 (18) | <.001 | 1.27 (.66 to 2.46) | −63 (−503 to 50) | 49.55 (18) | <.001 |
| Model 2 + inflammation vs. Model 2 | −11 (−29 to −3) | 36.51 (2) | <.001 | −6 (−24 to 4) | 10.04 (2) | <.001 | −11 (−166 to 51) | 9.62 (2) | <.001 | |||
Note: CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio.
a
HRs of social isolation reported in Table 2 (Model 1 and Model 2) and Table 4 (Model 1 + inflammation and Model 2 + inflammation).
b
Percentage change in regression coefficient calculated as 100 × (βModel y − βModel x)/(βModel x), where β = log(HR) and models being compared (x and y) are indicated in column 1.
c
Bias-corrected accelerated bootstrap 95% CI.