FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH UNNECESSARY TESTING, i.e., ROUTINE URINE OR BLOOD CULTURES ON ADMISSION
| Bivariate OR (95% CIs) |
P value | Multivariate OR (95% CI) |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hospital characteristics | ||||
| Type of hospital ownership | ||||
| Public | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - |
| For-profit | 0.5 (0.2, 0.99) | .048 | 0.5 (0.2–1.1) | .08 |
| Not-for-profit | 1.4 (0.6, 3.2) | .40 | 1.4 (0.6–3.2) | .45 |
| Hospital size | ||||
| Small (<100 beds) | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - |
| Midsize (100 to <400 beds) | 0.5 (0.3, 0.8) | .009 | 0.6 (0.3–1.1) | .08 |
| Large (≥400 beds) | 0.2 (0.7, 0.5) | .001 | 0.3 (0.1–0.8) | .014 |
| Hospital organizational culture | ||||
| Hospital executive leadership (CEO, COO, and others) | ||||
| Has spoken with front-line staff about infection prevention | 0.2 (0.8–2.0) | .40 | - | - |
| Is the primary driver for our hospital to be a safety-centered institution | 1.4 (0.7–2.8) | .35 | - | - |
| Hospital clinical leadership (CMO, CNO, and others) | ||||
| Has spoken with front-line staff about infection prevention | 1.1 (0.6–1.9) | .73 | - | - |
| Is the primary driver for our hospital to be a safety-centered institution | 0.9 (0.5–1.6) | .67 | - | - |
| Front-line staff | ||||
| Are receptive to changes in clinical processes | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) | .96 | - | - |
| Have a sense of personal responsibility for improving patient care and outcomes | 0.9 (0.6–1.5) | .79 | - | - |
| Feel extremely empowered to hold each other responsible for infection control practices | 1.7 (0.9–3.1) | .09 | - | - |
| Easy to implement evidence-based recommendations to prevent HAIs | 1.3 (0.8–2.2) | .25 | - | - |
| Mechanism to share best practices in preventing HAIs between hospital units at least quarterly | 0.9 (0.5–1.6) | .80 | - | - |
CEO, chief executive officer; CMO, chief medical officer; CNO, chief nursing officer; COO, chief operating officer; HAIs, health care-associated infections; OR, odds ratio.